MHere I enclosed the last list of Agent in Europe from R - Z,
Sorry if the list is not on the table..But if you want to get teh list of agent with the format
please email me at : piping_engineer88@yahoo.com I will give you the complete list
from A - Z ..
Here the list start from R untuk Z, I hope you will enjoy it
RAC Ashford Ltd job-vacancies@racash.co.uk;
Raeburn Recruitment Limited info@raeburn.com;
+44 1224 574481 (susan.duguid@raeburn.com) +44 1224 4626333
Randstad (Polydesign) +31 20 688 5554 www.randstad.com
(Tim de Jong)
Real-Time Consultants plc contract@rtc.co.uk;
Real-Time Technology jackie.hurst@real-timetech.co.uk;
+44 1342 315000 Jackie Hurst
Recruitment Holdings Ltd ben@rhl.co.uk;
+44 1233 658030
Recruitment Holdings Ltd process@rhl.co.uk;
+44 1233 658010
Recruitment Holdings Ltd technical@rhl.co.uk;
+44 1233 658013
Recruitment Services RSLtd@aol.com;
+44 1903 820303 (Joe Doherty)
Recruitment Zone Limited rod@recruitmentzone.co.uk;
+44 131 331 2731 Rod Harrison
Redwood Contracts chester@redhotjobs.co.uk;
+44 1727 847001
Reed Engineering Professionals engineering@reed.co.uk;
+44 20 8903 1551 www.reed.co.uk
Philip Nicholls
Reed Property Appointments debbie.wade@reed.co.uk;
+44 117 914 0415 www.reed.co.uk
Debbie Wade
REM Limited alison@remjobs.co.uk;
+44 1442 838463 www.remjobs.co.uk
Ash Laljee
Resource UK (Midlands) Limited trinitypersonnel@aol.com;
+44 1384 443120
RDP Consultancy yourfuture@rdpconsultancy.com;
+44 2380 268855 www.rdpconsultancy.com
Matt Stewart
RGW rgwconsult@compuserve.com;
RHL Oil&Gas@rhl.co.uk;
RHL tim@rhl.co.uk;
RHL (Manchester) timhewitt@rhl.co.uk;
+44 161 776 4776 www.rhl.co.uk
Tim Hewitt
Rimmington Booth & Co. Ltd. rimbooth@globalnet.co.uk;
+44 161 486 6070
Roevin Aberdeen lmcdowall@roevin.co.uk;
+44 1224 572852 www.roevin.co.uk
(Lindsay McDowall) (aberdeen@roevin.co.uk)
Roevin Birmingham birmingham@roevin.co.uk;
+44 121 236 3524 www.roevin.co.uk
Roevin Barrow barrow@roevin.co.uk;
+44 1229 874937 www.roevin.co.uk
Roevin Coventry coventry@roevin.co.uk;
+44 2476 550140 www.roevin.co.uk
(Emily Ruscoe)
Roevin Cumbria cumbria@roevin.co.uk;
+44 1946 822922 www.roevin.co.uk
Roevin Glasgow jbennett@roevin.co.uk;
+44 141 572 5200 www.roevin.co.uk
(Jim Bennett) (glasgow@roevin.co.uk)
Roevin Hull hull@roevin.co.uk;
+44 1482 225122 www.roevin.co.uk
Roevin Leeds leeds@roevin.co.uk;
+44 113 234 0226 www.roevin.co.uk
Roevin Manchester sknowles@roevin.co.uk;
+44 161 935 2000 www.roevin.co.uk
(Stuart Knowles)
Roevin Manchester jhatch@roevin.co.uk;
+44 161 935 2000 www.roevin.co.uk
(James Hatch)
Roevin Management Services Ltd srousell@roevin.co.uk;
www.roevin.co.uk
Roevin Middlesborough teesside@roevin.co.uk;
+44 1642 246 462 www.roevin.co.uk
Phill Mood; Phill Thomas
Roevin Newcastle newcastle@roevin.co.uk;
+44 191 496 1555 www.roevin.co.uk
(Steve Dixon)
Roevin Nothampton +44 1604 35434 www.roevin.co.uk
Roevin Sheffield sheffield@roevin.co.uk;
+44 1142 823430 www.roevin.co.uk
Roevin Teesside teesside@roevin.co.uk;
+44 1642 246462 www.roevin.co.uk
Roevin Hayes heathrow@roevin.co.uk;
+44 208 848 1216 www.roevin.co.uk
Roevin Poole poole@roevin.co.uk;
+44 1202 686999 www.roevin.co.uk
Roevin Warrington helsby@roevin.co.uk;
+44 1925 723683 www.roevin.co.uk
Roevin International roevin@roevin.co.uk;
+44 161 935 2000 www.roevin.co.uk
(James Hatch)
Rogaland Consultants +47 516 38800 (Harry Slettum)
ROSA Engineering rosa-engineer@t-online.de;
ROS International Recruitment Spec. rosintltd@aol.com;
+44 1482 211155
Rosta jobs@rosta.com;
+44 161 429 5322 (ian@rosta.com) +44 161 477 2111
Roston Technical Services roston@dial.pipex.com;
+44 208 302 4919 Claire Leftwich
RS Ltd RSLtd@aol.com;
RSD Technology Ltd recruitment@rsd.uk.com;
+44 1270 215910
RSL RSL@RecruitmentServicesLimited.com;
+44 1903 820303
Rullion Eng Personnel Manchester engineer@rullion.co.uk;
+44 161 941 6868 www.rullion.co.uk
+44 161 926 6868 ?
Rullion Eng Personnel Cumbria repcumbria@rullion.co.uk;
+44 1946 66651 www.rullion.co.uk
Emma Graham (emma.graham@rullion.co.uk)
Philippa Hick (philippa.hick@rullion.co.uk)
Rullion Eng Personnel Stafford repmidlands@rullion.co.uk;
+44 1827 67878 www.rullion.co.uk
Rullion Eng Personnel York repyork@rullion.co.uk;
+44 1904 671671 www.rullion.co.uk
Rust RUSTRESUK@aol.com;
S and P (Southampton) recruit_sapltd@lineone.net;
+44 2380 472526 Jerry Smith
Santos Eng Services Ltd info@santos.ie;
+35 31 661 9911
Scantec recruit@scantec.co.uk;
+44 151 670 0300
Scientific Staffing Solutions johncormack@sss-ltd.co.uk;
+44 141 578 2300 www.sss-ltd.co.uk
(John Cormack)
Scott Grant ts@scott-grant.co.uk;
+44 1784 4464181
Set Square Recruitment setsqr@globalnet.co.uk;
+44 1823 270917
SGS Inspection Services Ltd jim_kerins@sgsgroup.com;
+44 121 520 6454
Sherry Sharratt Tech Recr Ltd sstr.ltd@pobox.com;
+44 208 875 1895
Sherwood Eng. Recruitment Ltd. robert@sherwoodrec.force9.co.uk;
+44 1709 710800
Short Term Engineers birmingham2@shorterm.co.uk;
www.shorterm.co.uk
Shorterm Engineers +44 1895 422252 www.shorterm.co.uk
(David Jack)
Shorterm Engineers (Bristol) debbie.wade@shorterm.co.uk;
+44 117 927 7083 www.shorterm.co.uk
(Debbie Wade; Kim Pearson; Lee McCormack)
Shorterm Engineers (Potters-Bar) simon.cordeiro@shorterm.co.uk;
+44 1707 648500 www.shorterm.co.uk
Simon Cordeiro
Shorterm Engineers (Camberley) +44 1276 676776 www.shorterm.co.uk
Nick Biddle
Silicon Valley Consultants steph.walter@silicon-valley.co.uk;
+44 1276 455900 www.silicon-valley.co.uk
Steph Walter
Sitec Bristol jobs@sitecltd.demon.co.uk;
+44 1179 414000
Sitec Hampshire jobs@sitecltd.fsnet.co.uk;
+44 2380 262362
Sitec Middlesex jobs@sitec-shep.demon.co.uk;
+44 1932 226790
Sitec Northamptonshire jobs@sitec-sds.demon.co.uk;
+44 1252 341999
Skala Technical Recruitment sunny.man@skala.co.uk;
+44 1753 575300 www.skala.co.uk
Mrs Sunny Simms
Solution Tech Rec oliver@soljobs.com;
Spring Personnel (Key Accounts) key-accounts@springcommunications.co.uk;
+44 161 819 2111 www.spring.com
Catherine Turner
SSI UK ssiuk@aol.com;
Staff Resources joewhite@staffresource.co.uk;
+44 1784 497016
Staffsign info@staff-sign.com;
+44 1233 722409
STC stc@tps.co.uk;
STM Recruitment Services Ltd +44 161 927 7105
Stork Protech UK Ltd storkuk@vossnet.co.uk;
Strategic Resources info@strategic-resources.co.uk;
+44 1895 272724
Stategic Resources Aberdeen +44 1224 583123
Strongfield International PLC cvs@strongfield.com;
+44 207 224 1200
STS Recruitment +44 208 441 7160
Sub Serv Ltd subserv@globalnet.co.uk;
Swan Recruitment alex@swanrecruitment.com;
richard@swanrecruitment.com;
+44 239 246 1216
+44 239 283 8784 (Alex Rowe) (Ian Pittman) (Richard Garland)
Swift Technical Services info@swift-technical.com;
+44 208 350 0011
Synergy Resourcing Int Ltd david.hendry@synres.co.uk;
Systemford Recruitment Consul. systemford@lineone.net;
+44 1945 440652
TA Engineering matthewbaldwin@gtyarm.freeserve.co.uk;
T.A.D Technical Services +44 1582 27216
T.T.I Engineering Contract & Recr. christian.reisinger@tti.at;
+43 72 246 7551
Task Contracts Ltd task-contract@clara.net;
+44 1622 746277
Task Force +44 1224 211877
Taylor Recruitment andy@taylorrec.freeserve.co.uk;
+44 1483 418383 (jobs@taylorrec.freeserve.co.uk)
TCSF kay@tcsf.co.uk;
Team Moore Ltd team@dietsmann.com;
+44 1642 218171
TEC +32 32 351016
Technica Ltd Aberdeen +44 1224 632211
Technica Ltd recruitment@handsa.co.uk;
+44 207 413 0199 (Richard Irving)
Technical Aid International Ltd basildon@1tac.com;
+44 121 777 0711
Technical Aid International Ltd hamble@1tac.com;
Technical Aid International Ltd leicester@1tac.com;
Technical Aid International Ltd london@1tac.com;
Technical & Management Resources richard@tmrltd.co.uk;
+44 1622 686423 www.tmrltd.co.uk
Richard Lee
Technical Resources Ltd recruit@tech-res.demon.co.uk;
+44 207 630 9666
+44 1925 830830
Technology Project Services Int Ltd ruth.belton@tps.co.uk;
+44 161 476 5766 (Ruth Belton)
Technology Project Services Int Ltd sqf@tps.co.uk;
+44 131 331 3030 (Bill Fraser)
Technology Resources Ltd sec@tech-res.co.uk;
+44 1483 302211 www.tech-res.co.uk
Sarah Mitchell
Techstaff thomas@techstaff.ie;
+35 31 276 3030 (Thomas Doyle)
Techsearch leedstechsearch@staffline.co.uk;
+44 115 948 3633 Chris Smith
TEK Bells tekpers@btinternet.com;
+44 1142 525730
Tek Personnel Consultants Ltd tekrecruit@btinternet.com;
+44 114 252 5730 www.tekpersonnel.co.uk
Andrew Clemens
Teknica Eng.Ser@Teknica.co.uk;
TechniCAD +44 1189 773300 Ray Middlewick
Tekton Resources +44 207 419 5805
Telecommunity morgan@aerosite.co.uk;
+44 1634 828017 www.aerosite.co.uk
Leigh Morgan
The Capital Group admin@cap-recruit.co.uk;
+44 208 542 8131
The Delton Group delton@provider.co.uk;
The Recruitment Business Ltd Peter.Suddaby@recruitengineers.com;
+44 1892 511 332 www.therecruitbusiness.com
Peter Suddaby
The Resource Group Ltd emily.hodgkinson@iwant2work.com;
+44 1256 368585 www.iwant2work.com
Emily Hodgkinson
The Urquhart Partnership info@urquhart-partnership.co.uk;
Thistle Technical Services Ltd mail@thistle-tech-services.co.uk;
+44 141 333 0853
Thornton Burns paul.barlett@thornton-burns.co.uk;
TKSAS +47 514 10099 (Ted Powers)
TM Industries james@tm-industries.co.uk;
+44 161 494 9022 (James Walker)
TM Industries Ltd enquiries@tm-industries.co.uk;
TMP Melville Craig bruce.hydes@tmp.com;
+44 131 555 4321 www.eResourcing.tmp.com
Bruce Hydes
TMP.MDK growlands@tmpw.co.uk;
T-Online ian.walker@t-online.de;
(Ian Walker)
TOPS cad@topspersonnel.demon.co.uk;
+44 1273 203117 (John Dunning)
TPA mail@tpa.co.uk;
TPS Unimecs (UK) Ltd carlcrest@tps.co.uk;
+44 1276 691144 (keli.ackers@tps.co.uk)
TPS Unimecs Holland nl.tps@sgs.com;
+31 70 350 2111 (+31 181 694111)
TPS stc@tps.co.uk;
+44 161 476 5766
Track International ex@trackint.com;
Trafalgar Personnel info@trafalgarpersonnel.co.uk;
+44 1245 496111
Trento Engineering Services BV email@trento.nl;
Trimtec pfirth@trimtec.com;
TRS Technical Resource Solutions (Tekton) mike.innes@trs-staff.co.uk;
+44 20 7419 5800 www.trsstaffing.co.uk
Mike Innes; Martin Doe
Tudor Personnel roy.webb@tudorpersonnel.co.uk;
+44 208 770 3848 (Terry Hitchin)
Tulloch Recruitment(Aberdeen) +44 1224 625097
Twinserve Recruitment gbhq@twinserve.co.uk;
Unisource Recruitment info@unisource.co.uk;
Universal Assignments rw@ualtd.freeserve.co.uk;
+44 1189 771217
Vectra Technology mcmenemyi@vectratech.com;
+44 1925 444648 (Ian McMenemy)
Velosi m-coles@velosi.com;
+44 1189 269090
Washington Group Int linda.arnott@wgint.com;
WEL technical Services PLC admin@welplc.demon.co.uk;
+44 1622 678031
Whetstone Ltd mjm@whetstoneltd.co.uk;
+44 121 353 9848
WIDS rosalindgarner@hotmail.com;
+44 1926 856065
Wilde & Partners Engineering Res. recruit@wildeandpartners.co.uk;
+44 161 474 7479 www.wilde.demon.co.uk
Katrina Johnson( kjohnson@wildeandpartners.co.uk )
Willbros (Overseas) Limited +44 208 549 4471
Wisewalk Resources Ltd natalie.dawe@wisewalk.com;
+44 1722 421422 www.wisewalk.com
Natalie Dawe
Wolviston Management Services Ltd +44 1642 607375
Woodland Consultancy wcs-jobs@woodland.co.uk;
+44 208 464 7524
+44 1689 828999 www.woodland.co.uk
Suzanne Wood
Woodridge Associates cv@woodridge.co.uk;
Workforce Technical Services wal@vitalo.com;
+44 191 489 4416
WorkingSmart info@working-smart.co.uk;
+44 1483 481141
WSAtkins Consultants Ltd kfmiller@wsatkins.co.uk;
+44 1372 726140
WTH adrian@wth.co.uk;
Wynchgate Consultants & Tech wynchgat@dircon.co.uk;
Wynnwith Engineering Co. Ltd recruitment@wynnwith.com;
+44 1483 750905
Yacht UK Limited steven.byrne@yachtuk.com;
paul.mount@yachtuk.com;
+44 161 926 2700
+44 161 929 1882 www.yachtgroup.com
Steven Byrne
Paul Mount
Yoh Staffing Solutions barry.gilchrist@yoh.com;
+44 1925 828794 www.yohstaffing.com
(Barry Gilchrist)
Yoh Staffing Solutions johan.sharples@yoh.com;
+44 1925 828794 www.yohstaffing.com
(John Sharples)
www.cvposter.com www.jobtrack.co.uk www.oil-report.com www.usjobboard.com
www.oilandgasjobsearch.com www.roadhaw.com www.petrochemlink.com www.pipingdesign.com
www.gojobsite.co.uk www.freelance-engineers.org.uk www.pcgroup.org.uk (IR35) www.rexonline.com
www.JobsProactive.com www.planetrecruit.com www.gisajob.com
Instructions For Use:
1. Swipe mailing lists below; copy and paste in bcc: (this way the agents will not be able to see the whole distribution list). Use both lists if ‘DaisyCutter’ has never been used. Use second list only if you have previously used ‘DaisyCutter Rev1’
2. Send the email To: yourself (eg home email address) (otherwise it won’t send out email with no one in To: list)
3. Add loving sentiments and attach your CV file.
4. Sit back and wait for all the jobs offers/rejections/email send errors to come rolling in.
5. Warning this system may cause severe overloading of your Phone system………………..
Mailing List: (25 January; 2002)
job-vacancies@racash.co.uk;info@raeburn.com;RSLtd@aol.com; chester@redhotjobs.co.uk;trinitypersonnel@aol.com;rgwconsult@compuserve.com;Oil&Gas@rhl.co.uk;tim@rhl.co.uk;rimbooth@globalnet.co.uk;lmcdowall@roevin.co.uk; cumbria@roevin.co.uk;jbennett@roevin.co.uk; hull@roevin.co.uk;sknowles@roevin.co.uk;jhatch@roevin.co.uk;srousell@roevin.co.uk;newcastle@roevin.co.uk;sheffield@roevin.co.uk;mailto:roevin@roevin.co.uk; rosintltd@aol.com;jobs@rosta.com;roston@dial.pipex.com;RSLtd@aol.com;recruitment@rsd.uk.com;engineer@rullion.co.uk;repyork@rullion.co.uk;RUSTRESUK@aol.com;recruit@scantec.co.uk;johncormack@sss-ltd.co.uk;ts@scott-grant.co.uk;setsqr@globalnet.co.uk;jim_kerins@sgsgroup.com;robert@sherwoodrec.force9.co.uk;birmingham2@shorterm.co.uk;debbie.wade@shorterm.co.uk;oliver@soljobs.com;ssiuk@aol.com;info@staff-sign.com;stc@tps.co.uk;storkuk@vossnet.co.uk;info@strategic-resources.co.uk;cvs@strongfield.com;alex@swanrecruitment.com; richard@swanrecruitment.com;systemford@lineone.net;matthewbaldwin@gtyarm.freeserve.co.uk;recruits@Taduk.co.uk;task-contract@clara.net;andy@taylorrec.freeserve.co.uk;kay@tcsf.co.uk;recruitment@handsa.co.uk;basildon@1tac.com;hamble@1tac.com;leicester@1tac.com;london@1tac.com;recruit@tech-res.demon.co.uk;ruth.belton@tps.co.uk; thomas@techstaff.ie; Eng.Ser@Teknica.co.uk;;paul.barlett@thornton-burns.co.uk;james@tm-industries.co.uk;enquiries@tm-industries.co.uk;ian.walker@t-online.de;cad@topspersonnel.demon.co.uk; mail@tpa.co.uk;carlcrest@tps.co.uk;ex@trackint.com;pfirth@trimtec.com;mike.innes@trs-staff.co.uk;roy.webb@tudorpersonnel.co.uk;gbhq@twinserve.co.uk;info@unisource.co.uk;mcmenemyi@vectratech.com; m-coles@velosi.com;Admin@welplc.demon.co.uk;mjm@whetstoneltd.co.uk;rosalindgarner@hotmail.com; wcs-jobs@woodland.co.uk; cv@woodridge.co.uk;wal@vitalo.com;adrian@wth.co.uk;paul.mount@yachtuk.com; barry.gilchrist@yoh.com;johan.sharples@yoh.com;coventry@roevin.co.uk;ifo@swift-technical.com;morgan@aerosite.co.uk;sqf@tps.co.uk;contract@rtc.co.uk;ben@rhl.co.uk;process@rhl.co.uk;technical@rhl.co.uk;birmingham@roevin.co.uk;barrow@roevin.co.uk;heathrow@roevin.co.uk;helsby@roevin.co.uk;poole@roevin.co.uk;teesside@roevin.co.uk;leeds@roevin.co.uk;rosa-engineer@t-online.de;RSL@RecruitmentServicesLimited.com;repmidlands@rullion.co.uk;repcumbria@rullion.co.uk;info@santos.ie;sstr.ltd@pobox.com;jobs@sitecltd.demon.co.uk;jobs@sitecltd.fsnet.co.uk;jobs@sitec-shep.demon.co.uk;jobs@sitec-sds.demon.co.uk;joewhite@staffresource.co.uk;subserv@globalnet.co.uk;david.hendry@synres.co.uk;christian.reisinger@tti.at;team@dietsmann.com;sec@tech-res.co.uk;tekpers@btinternet.com;admin@cap-recruit.co.uk;delton@provider.co.uk;info@urquhart-partnership.co.uk;mail@thistle-tech-services.co.uk;growlands@tmpw.co.uk;nl.tps@sgs.com;info@trafalgarpersonnel.co.uk;email@trento.nl;rw@ualtd.freeserve.co.uk;linda.arnott@wgint.com;recruit@wildeandpartners.co.uk;info@working-smart.co.uk;kfmiller@wsatkins.co.uk;wynchgat@dircon.co.uk;recruitment@wynnwith.com;emily.hodkinson@iwant2work.com;stc@tps.co.uk;
Additional Mailing List: (24 April; 2002)
simon.cordeiro@shorterm.co.uk;recruit_sapltd@lineone.net;richard@tmrltd.co.uk;bruce.hydes@tmp.com;yourfuture@rdpconsultancy.com;tekrecruit@btinternet.com;timhewitt@rhl.co.uk;teesside@roevin.co.uk;key-accounts@springcommunications.co.uk;leedstechsearch@staffline.co.uk;natalie.dawe@wisewalk.com;engineering@reed.co.uk;steph.walter@silicon-valley.co.uk;Peter.Suddaby@recruitengineers.com;debbie.wade@reed.co.uk;alison@remjobs.co.uk;rod@recruitmentzone.co.uk;sunny.man@skala.co.uk;jackie.hurst@real-timetech.co.uk; steven.byrne@yachtuk.com;
Wednesday, September 22, 2010
Tuesday, September 21, 2010
PUJANGGA PIPING IN BEIJING (EPISODE : NIUJIE MOSQUE PART I)
Di hari ke empat kami di Beijing bertepatan dengan hari Jum'at. Jadi kami searching masjid yang ada di Beijing via internet (http://www.google.com/ )akhirnya kami menemukan mesjid yang ada di Nie Jie street.
Jam 10 berangkat ke Niujie dari hotel sekitar pukul 10 pagi karena saya berencana untuk keliling dulu di daerah Niujie untuk mencari tempat makan muslim atau supermarket yang menjual barang-barang halal untuk orang muslim.
Dari hotel saya naik taxi ke niujie street dan rupanya sopir taxi di Beijing jujur-jujur jadi saya hanya kena 16 Yuan untuk ongkos taxi.
Setelah diturunkan di jalan Niujie dekat Masjid, saya pun berjalan memasuki masjid yang berada di jalan Niujie..Selum memasuki Masjid saya lihat dari kejauhan Gapura yang menyambut saya/ orang yang mau masuk areal masjid
Sebelum kita memulai untuk bercerita mengenai apa yang ada di areal masjid Niujie ada baiknya kita simak/baca dahulu sejarah mengenai Masjid Niujie.The magnificent niujie mosque is famous worldwide. originally built in the fourteenth year of the tonghe reign of the liao dynasty (996), (corresponding to the second year of the Zhidao reign of the Northern Song Dynasty, by the arabian scholar nasurutan. In the tentl year of the chenghua reign of the ming dynasty (1474), the emperor issued an edict presenting it with the name libaisi or mosque.
The mosque was enlarged and refurbished through the yuan, ming and qing dynasties creating its present symmetrical well integrated layout . its 6,000 square metres contain a hall of worship, minaret, lecture hail, a stele pavilion, a facing pavilion and an ablution chamber. The mosque faces west towards Mecaa.
Buildings, the greater and lesser clearly distinguished are arranged along a central axis. Magnificent and solemn, the mosque combines features of the classic chinese palace style with arabian architecture.
Niujie mosque is a valued part of chine’s history. It houses the shanghai tombs the final resting place of elders who came from the Arabian cultural area to lecture on Islam in the early years of the yuan dynasty. A stele by the graves is inscribed in the Arabian script written with strength and presence, an artifact rarely found in china. There are many other rare historical relics including a board marking an imperial edict from the 33rd year of the emperor kangxi (1694), old ming dynasty porcelain, a stele recording historic events, a hand written copy of the Koran which has been carefully preserved for more than 300 years and a number of qing dynasty copper and iron censers and other copper vessels.
Niujie mosque was completely renovated in 1979. The Old mosque became even more brilliant with new gilding and repainting. On January 13, 1988, the government declared it a key national historic unit. Today many moslems regularly go to niujie and purity themselves and worship. On holidays they are joined by moslems from abroad and from else where in china.
Setelah kita membaca mengenai sejarah Masjid Niujie, kita barulah masuk ke areal masjid Niujie.
Di samping ini adalah maket dari areal Masjid Niujie dan dari situ bisa kita lihat betapa luasnya areal masjid Niujie.
Di bawah ini adalah Peta atau Denah Wilayah Masjid Niujie. Setelah saya meminta ijin dahulu kepada penjaga areal Masjid. Saya pun berkeliling di dalam areal masjid. Dan memang sangat aneh terasa bagi saya berada di komunitas muslim di Beijing dimana kalau saya di Indonesia jarang saya lihat orang China paai kopiah dan sholat di masjid.
Setelah membaca peta, saya pun masuk ke dalam areal masjid dan saya pun masuk ke dalam masjid dan sungguh indah pemandangan di dalam masjid. Masjid walaupun lama berdiri tapi bangunannya tetap cantik, rapi dan bersih.serta adem.
Kita merasa nyaman bila berada di dalam masjid tersebut.
Setelah mutar-mutar di dalam bangunan utama masjid akhirnya saya bertanya kepada slaah seorang pengurus masjid dengan bahasa Isyarat menanyakan kapan waktu sholat Jum'at dilaksanakan dan Beliau pun menjawab 1.30 siang.
Setelah memperhatian sekeliling bangunan tersebut dan melihat semua ornamen di dalam masjid akhirnya pandanganku tertuju ke salah satu sudut masjid karna banyak terdapat kursi-kursi yang berjejer membentuk barisan ke depan. Saya terus berpikir kenapa kursi dan meja di bawa ke dalam masjid. karena saya belum menjumpai hal seperti itu di daerahku. Jadi baru itulah saya lihat kursi dan meja di dalam masjid. Pikiran saya waktu tu adalah kemungkinan dipakai untuk membaca A Qur'an atau ada kelas Iqro untuk anak-anak. Tapi saya trus berpikir dan pikiran saya pun saya bawa sampai saya keluar bangunan tersebut untuk melihat-lihat lingkungan Masjid.
Di sini juga terdapat menara masjid yang berdiri sejajar dngan bangunan Masjid dan juga terdapat 2 bangunan menara lagi yang berisi tulisan-tulisan dan ukuran-ukuran di dalamnya dan saya heran juga di dalam menara tersebut ada terdapat semcam batu bertulis..saya nggak tahu apakan itu batu nisan atau apa.. Tapi karena tak ada tempat bertanya makanya saya diam aja dan beranggapan sesuai dengan apa yang saya pikirkan saja.
Oh yach , sampai lupa , untuk menjaga kesucian bangunan masjid untuk sholat..Diluar bangunan tersebut dipasang papan pengumuman yang menyatakan bahwa hanya orang Muslim saja yang bisa masuk ke dalam masjid dan juga perempuan yang terkena Haid tidak boleh juga masuk ke dalam masjid. Tapi biasanya pun kalau di tempat saya memang kalau perempuan sedang haid atau istilahnya "sedang tidak sholat" tidak boleh juga masuk masjid.
Jam 10 berangkat ke Niujie dari hotel sekitar pukul 10 pagi karena saya berencana untuk keliling dulu di daerah Niujie untuk mencari tempat makan muslim atau supermarket yang menjual barang-barang halal untuk orang muslim.
Dari hotel saya naik taxi ke niujie street dan rupanya sopir taxi di Beijing jujur-jujur jadi saya hanya kena 16 Yuan untuk ongkos taxi.
Setelah diturunkan di jalan Niujie dekat Masjid, saya pun berjalan memasuki masjid yang berada di jalan Niujie..Selum memasuki Masjid saya lihat dari kejauhan Gapura yang menyambut saya/ orang yang mau masuk areal masjid
Sebelum kita memulai untuk bercerita mengenai apa yang ada di areal masjid Niujie ada baiknya kita simak/baca dahulu sejarah mengenai Masjid Niujie.The mosque was enlarged and refurbished through the yuan, ming and qing dynasties creating its present symmetrical well integrated layout . its 6,000 square metres contain a hall of worship, minaret, lecture hail, a stele pavilion, a facing pavilion and an ablution chamber. The mosque faces west towards Mecaa.
Buildings, the greater and lesser clearly distinguished are arranged along a central axis. Magnificent and solemn, the mosque combines features of the classic chinese palace style with arabian architecture.
Niujie mosque is a valued part of chine’s history. It houses the shanghai tombs the final resting place of elders who came from the Arabian cultural area to lecture on Islam in the early years of the yuan dynasty. A stele by the graves is inscribed in the Arabian script written with strength and presence, an artifact rarely found in china. There are many other rare historical relics including a board marking an imperial edict from the 33rd year of the emperor kangxi (1694), old ming dynasty porcelain, a stele recording historic events, a hand written copy of the Koran which has been carefully preserved for more than 300 years and a number of qing dynasty copper and iron censers and other copper vessels.
Niujie mosque was completely renovated in 1979. The Old mosque became even more brilliant with new gilding and repainting. On January 13, 1988, the government declared it a key national historic unit. Today many moslems regularly go to niujie and purity themselves and worship. On holidays they are joined by moslems from abroad and from else where in china.Setelah kita membaca mengenai sejarah Masjid Niujie, kita barulah masuk ke areal masjid Niujie.
Di samping ini adalah maket dari areal Masjid Niujie dan dari situ bisa kita lihat betapa luasnya areal masjid Niujie.
Di bawah ini adalah Peta atau Denah Wilayah Masjid Niujie. Setelah saya meminta ijin dahulu kepada penjaga areal Masjid. Saya pun berkeliling di dalam areal masjid. Dan memang sangat aneh terasa bagi saya berada di komunitas muslim di Beijing dimana kalau saya di Indonesia jarang saya lihat orang China paai kopiah dan sholat di masjid. Setelah membaca peta, saya pun masuk ke dalam areal masjid dan saya pun masuk ke dalam masjid dan sungguh indah pemandangan di dalam masjid. Masjid walaupun lama berdiri tapi bangunannya tetap cantik, rapi dan bersih.serta adem.
Kita merasa nyaman bila berada di dalam masjid tersebut.
Setelah mutar-mutar di dalam bangunan utama masjid akhirnya saya bertanya kepada slaah seorang pengurus masjid dengan bahasa Isyarat menanyakan kapan waktu sholat Jum'at dilaksanakan dan Beliau pun menjawab 1.30 siang. Kulihat jam di dinding masjid masih menunjukkan jam 11 siang jadi masih lama rupanya waktu sholat Jum'at.. jadi saya pun terus melaksanakan putaran keliling bangunan tersebut
Setelah memperhatian sekeliling bangunan tersebut dan melihat semua ornamen di dalam masjid akhirnya pandanganku tertuju ke salah satu sudut masjid karna banyak terdapat kursi-kursi yang berjejer membentuk barisan ke depan. Saya terus berpikir kenapa kursi dan meja di bawa ke dalam masjid. karena saya belum menjumpai hal seperti itu di daerahku. Jadi baru itulah saya lihat kursi dan meja di dalam masjid. Pikiran saya waktu tu adalah kemungkinan dipakai untuk membaca A Qur'an atau ada kelas Iqro untuk anak-anak. Tapi saya trus berpikir dan pikiran saya pun saya bawa sampai saya keluar bangunan tersebut untuk melihat-lihat lingkungan Masjid. 
Di sini juga terdapat menara masjid yang berdiri sejajar dngan bangunan Masjid dan juga terdapat 2 bangunan menara lagi yang berisi tulisan-tulisan dan ukuran-ukuran di dalamnya dan saya heran juga di dalam menara tersebut ada terdapat semcam batu bertulis..saya nggak tahu apakan itu batu nisan atau apa.. Tapi karena tak ada tempat bertanya makanya saya diam aja dan beranggapan sesuai dengan apa yang saya pikirkan saja.Oh yach , sampai lupa , untuk menjaga kesucian bangunan masjid untuk sholat..Diluar bangunan tersebut dipasang papan pengumuman yang menyatakan bahwa hanya orang Muslim saja yang bisa masuk ke dalam masjid dan juga perempuan yang terkena Haid tidak boleh juga masuk ke dalam masjid. Tapi biasanya pun kalau di tempat saya memang kalau perempuan sedang haid atau istilahnya "sedang tidak sholat" tidak boleh juga masuk masjid.
Photo-photo Minerat
Setelah itu saya pun diinformasikan oleh pengurus Masjid bahwa di halaman beakang ada terdapat ruang pameran yang berisi sejarah perjalanan Masjid Niujie dan Masyarakat Islam di Niujie.
Setelah saya keliling-keliling melihat sejarah masjid Niujie besera dengan perkembangan masyarakat Islam di Jalan Niujie. Akhirnya saya memutuskan untuk melihat keluar dari masjid karena masih lama waktu Sholat Jum'at.
Sebelum keluar dari areal masjid , saya pun melihat-lihat souvenir yang ada di dalam satu ruang sebelum pintu keluar..
Dan saya lihat banyak sekali barang-barang yang dijual ..Tapi ada pengalaman lucu yang terjadi pada saat saya membeli souvenir-souvenir itu..akibat dari perbedaan bahasa tadi..
Untuk lengkapnya bisa dilihat pada Episode berikutnya...
Sebelum keluar dari areal masjid , saya pun melihat-lihat souvenir yang ada di dalam satu ruang sebelum pintu keluar..
Dan saya lihat banyak sekali barang-barang yang dijual ..Tapi ada pengalaman lucu yang terjadi pada saat saya membeli souvenir-souvenir itu..akibat dari perbedaan bahasa tadi..
Untuk lengkapnya bisa dilihat pada Episode berikutnya...
Friday, September 17, 2010
PIPING STRESS ON THE ISOMETRIC DRAWINGS CHECKING
01 - DESIGN TEMPERATURE - Is there any difference between the current line list temperature
and the temperature used for the original analysis?
02 - DESIGN PRESSURE - Is there any difference between the current line list pressure and the
pressure used for the original analysis?
03 - SPECIAL CONDITIONS - Is there any difference between the current special conditions and
the special conditions considered in the original analysis? EXAMPLE; is there slug flow now
when there was not any considered in the original analysis? Was the original analysis done
considering slug flow but now there is no slug flow? Was the requirement for regeneration
deleted /added, etc., etc
CONCERN; Changed or new special conditions can result in more/less supports/anchors/guides
required. The as-built piping can look ridiculously over-supported or can fail because required
supports were never incorporated into the design.
04 - PIPE SIZE - Is there any difference in line size between current size and the size used in the
original analysis?
CONCERN; Span is reduced when the line size is reduced. The pipe size is used in pipe stress
calculations. Forces at steel pump nozzles are acceptable with a value of 200#/nominal inch -
cast iron nozzles @ 50#/nominal inch. Support/guide/anchor sizes are dependent on pipe size.
Loads are determined using pipe size. Changes to pipe size will change nearly all stress
calculations.
05 - PIPE WALL THICKNESS - Is there any difference in the schedule or wall thickness of the
pipe between the current wall thickness and the thickness used in the original analysis?
CONCERN; A change in wall thickness affects several things: the moment of inertia or I
changes, affecting the amount of bend leg required for flexibility, load calculations are affected
since a thicker or thinner pipe wall will increase or decrease the weight (loads that are
submitted to equipment vendors, such as for their supporting our pipe at air coolers could
be severely increased - invalidating the number to which the vendor designed - this
invariably leads to the vendor backcharging us for recalculation), , span is also affected - a
24" sch 20 pipe will span 6'-0" further than a 24" sch 10 pipe.
06 - MATERIAL OF CONSTRUCTION - Is there any difference in the metallurgy between the
current material and the material used in the original analysis?
CONCERN; It may only be slight in short configurations but on long runs of pipe a change in
metallurgy results in a different coefficient of expansion - either increasing or decreasing the total
amount of thermal growth. The support/anchor/guide call out will also be affected.
07 - METHOD OF CONSTRUCTION - Is the current general construction different than the
original construction?
CONCERN; Changing from socketwelded or threaded construction to buttwelded or flanged or
vice versa will affect the load calculations. A buttwelded 8" line will not weigh the same as an 8"
line that is of flanged construction - two 8"-300# weld neck flanges and bolting weighs 152#
(69kg).
08 - COMPONENT LOCATION - Is there any difference in inline component location in the
current configuration from the locations in the original analysis?
CONCERN; If a valve has been moved to the horizontal from the vertical or vice versa, or has a
valve moved from one end of a horizontal run to the other end, or if a reducer changes in a similar
manner - this will affect the concentrated loading in different parts of the line and definitely at
support locations , and the equipment nozzle loads.
09 - COMPONENT DESIGN - Have any of the piping components current design changed from
the their design in the original analysis?
CONCERN; Have wafer check (split disc) valves become swing check valves (8"-150# wafer
checks weigh 71# vs 390# for 8"-150# swing checks)? Have the cooling water valves at
exchangers changed from butterfly valves to gate valves (6"-150# butterfly valves weigh 45# vs
240# for 6"-150# gate valves)? Have gate valves become bellows seal gate valves (bellows seal
gate valves weigh 1 1/2 to 2 times as much as a standard gate valve)? All of these changes
result in increased weight. Did the handwheel on a gate valve get replaced by a motor operator?
10 - CONFIGURATION/ROUTING - Is the current configuration the same (If not, modification(s)
must be clearly specified/noted on isometrics) as that used for the original analysis?
CONCERN; Changes in shape of the system will affect bend leg (elbows especially), stress
analysis and calculations. Dimensional changes of only a "few inches", positive or negative, will
affect the analysis. Indicate all changes on isometrics, leave the decision to stress . Prior
discussions with stress engineer is also recommended to assess the degree of impact. Stress
may have quick decisions on small differences.
11 - INSULATION TYPE/EXTENT - Is the current insulation the same as that in the original
analysis?
CONCERN; If the insulation changes type such as from polyurethane to calcium silicate the
density changes which changes the weight , in this instance the insulation weight is tripled. If the
extent of the insulation changes from partial to full, or if the valve bodies or the flanges are
insulated when they originally were not - there will be increased weight.
12 - SYSTEM/PROCESS OPERATION - Is the current process (cycling) the same as for the
original analysis?
CONCERN; If a pair of pumps or other equipment are changed to where they are now in a
sparing design, stress for that piping will have to be re-analyzed. Information on process
operation will not be given to you. You have to have initiative and talk to process engineers.
Process operations result to determination of the number of cases for stress analysis. The
number of cycles also affects the limits or allowables of calculated stresses (ASME B31.3,
paragraph 302.3.5).
13 - BRANCH CONNECTION - Is the current design philosophy for branch connections the
same as for the original analysis?
CONCERN; If a stub-on connection changes to needing a reinforcing pad, or becomes a
reducing tee, or a weldolet, etc. , areas of congestion (layout) may be affected. if the material for
the project requires a long lead time - an MTO change could cause unnecessary delay in
fabrication/installation. MOST IMPORTANT IS THAT THE CORRECT CONSTRUCTION IS
USED! For different types of branch connections, the stress intensification factors differ .
Example, 8" sch.40 : TEE in-plane=1.63 & i out-plane=1.84; WELDOLET in-plane=2.23 & I outplane=
2.23; UNREINFORCED STUB-IN in-plane=3.96 & I out-plane=4.95.
14 - SUPPORT/ANCHOR/GUIDE LOCATION - Do the current locations match the locations
shown in the original analysis?
CONCERN; The locations must be as close to the original analysis locations as possible - the
approved system was approved only with those locations -anything much different is to be
reanalyzed. Modification(s) must be clearly specified/noted on isometrics. All support types
indicated on approved stress isometrics must be reflected on AFC isometrics for final stress signoff.
In cases of any support(s) which will not be automatically reflected by PDS (i.e., supports not
reflected because line is uninsulated and/or directly on steel), design needs to manually indicate
and add on isometrics for sign-off.
15 - SUPPORT/ANCHOR/GUIDE TYPE - Are the current types the same as those in the
original analysis?
CONCERN; During the course of a project, the supports/anchors/guides are subject to change
for one reason or another. if such a change takes place it is important that the newly-designed
support/anchor/guide meet the original requirements of the line. Did the variable spring hanger
become a constant spring hanger (becomes larger and could interfere with nearby structural steel
or piping, etc.)? Did the directional anchor become a full anchor, etc.? Modification(s) must be
clearly specified/noted on isometrics.
16 - EQUIPMENT DESIGN LIMITS - Is the current design of the related equipment the same as
used in the original analysis?
CONCERN; Sometimes a stress analysis is conducted using preliminary design criteria, when a
vendor is selected sometimes allowable loads on nozzles, shells, housings are less than that
used in the original analysis. The vendor data will have to be inspected to see if any changes will
cause the need for reanalysis of the line. Vendor drawing squad checks should passed both
design and stress to ensure that all items , i.e. dimensions, nozzle details and ratings, nozzle
loads, support details, support loads, etc., are all covered and communicated. Stress
communicates with equipment engineers and/or vendors.
17 - EQUIPMENT DESIGN/CONSTRUCTION - Is the current design/construction of the
connecting equipment changed from the design/construction used in the original analysis?
CONCERNS; During the course of a project the construction of the equipment can have changes
both internal and external that can affect the associated piping. One example is when the internal
construction of fired heaters changes - the tube design is either reconfigured or the internal tube
supports are moved. This could result in a different allowable load on the nozzle/connection than
that with which the line was originally analyzed. This is closely related in effect (if not the same)
to #16 above. Examples of special equipment design which will affect stress analysis are
refractory lining, stress relief requirement, excessive wind drifts. For horizontal equipment, i.e.,
shell and tube heat exchangers, horizontal vessels and drums, location of fixed and sliding
supports or saddles have effects on stress analysis and calculations.
18 - SHIPPING METHOD (IF MODULAR CONSTRUCTION) -
Is the current shipping method on the dressed vessel or module the same as the method of shipping used in the original analysis?
CONCERNS; When a dressed vessel or modularized piping system is shipped from the
fabrication area to the jobsite, the method of shipping may affect piping design and stress
analysis. When the first analysis is conducted, the project may not have a finalized idea of how
the vessel or module are being shipped. Some of those who make the decision may not fully
understand there are factors that will impact design and stress - so what happens is
construction/project makes a decision based on experience on the best available information and
sometimes it winds up being different than what will actually be used. When a module is shipped
some piping systems require temporary bracing and supporting to protect them from the effects
of handling - especially pump piping, polyvinylchloride (PVC) piping, fibreglas reinforced piping
(FRP), and any piping connected to equipment that is considered sensitive. In shipping, piping
and equipment can possibly sustain forces that approximate those encountered in operation.
Also, similar bracing may be required for dressed vessels and their connecting piping. Loads for
temporary vessel dress-out supports are calculated by stress.
19 - STRUCTURAL STEEL/CONCRETE REGARDING ATTACHMENT OF
SUPPORT/ANCHOR/GUIDE - Is the current design of the structural members serving as
attachment points changed so as to affect the supports used in the original analysis?
CONCERNS; The types of supports involved would be hangers, attachment to the underside of
beams, attachments to the sides of columns - were they once steel and now are concrete and
vice versa. Spring hanger drawings refer to the attachment surface - these must reflect the actual
method of attachment, whether welded, clamped, cinch-anchored, or drilled. Structural
movements (due to seismic , wind drifts) will affect stress analysis and calculations. These data
come from and supplied by the structural engineers.
20 - CLIMATIC DATA - Has the current weather data been revised to anything other than what
was used in the original analysis? Project will be the source for any information relating to
changes in data. Solar temperature, ambient temperature may have effects on stress analysis
and calculations.
21 - SEISMIC DATA - As in the climatic data, Project will be the source of information. Usually
established at the very start of the project, data coming from structural engineers.
22 - LINE LIST DATA - This is duplicated somewhat in items #1 through #7, #11 & #13. Anything
that causes the current design parameters to differ from the original used in the analysis must be
investigated for effects on analysis. Very important!
23 - P&ID - This works with items #1 through #7, #11, #13 & #22. Equally important!
and the temperature used for the original analysis?
02 - DESIGN PRESSURE - Is there any difference between the current line list pressure and the
pressure used for the original analysis?
03 - SPECIAL CONDITIONS - Is there any difference between the current special conditions and
the special conditions considered in the original analysis? EXAMPLE; is there slug flow now
when there was not any considered in the original analysis? Was the original analysis done
considering slug flow but now there is no slug flow? Was the requirement for regeneration
deleted /added, etc., etc
CONCERN; Changed or new special conditions can result in more/less supports/anchors/guides
required. The as-built piping can look ridiculously over-supported or can fail because required
supports were never incorporated into the design.
04 - PIPE SIZE - Is there any difference in line size between current size and the size used in the
original analysis?
CONCERN; Span is reduced when the line size is reduced. The pipe size is used in pipe stress
calculations. Forces at steel pump nozzles are acceptable with a value of 200#/nominal inch -
cast iron nozzles @ 50#/nominal inch. Support/guide/anchor sizes are dependent on pipe size.
Loads are determined using pipe size. Changes to pipe size will change nearly all stress
calculations.
05 - PIPE WALL THICKNESS - Is there any difference in the schedule or wall thickness of the
pipe between the current wall thickness and the thickness used in the original analysis?
CONCERN; A change in wall thickness affects several things: the moment of inertia or I
changes, affecting the amount of bend leg required for flexibility, load calculations are affected
since a thicker or thinner pipe wall will increase or decrease the weight (loads that are
submitted to equipment vendors, such as for their supporting our pipe at air coolers could
be severely increased - invalidating the number to which the vendor designed - this
invariably leads to the vendor backcharging us for recalculation), , span is also affected - a
24" sch 20 pipe will span 6'-0" further than a 24" sch 10 pipe.
06 - MATERIAL OF CONSTRUCTION - Is there any difference in the metallurgy between the
current material and the material used in the original analysis?
CONCERN; It may only be slight in short configurations but on long runs of pipe a change in
metallurgy results in a different coefficient of expansion - either increasing or decreasing the total
amount of thermal growth. The support/anchor/guide call out will also be affected.
07 - METHOD OF CONSTRUCTION - Is the current general construction different than the
original construction?
CONCERN; Changing from socketwelded or threaded construction to buttwelded or flanged or
vice versa will affect the load calculations. A buttwelded 8" line will not weigh the same as an 8"
line that is of flanged construction - two 8"-300# weld neck flanges and bolting weighs 152#
(69kg).
08 - COMPONENT LOCATION - Is there any difference in inline component location in the
current configuration from the locations in the original analysis?
CONCERN; If a valve has been moved to the horizontal from the vertical or vice versa, or has a
valve moved from one end of a horizontal run to the other end, or if a reducer changes in a similar
manner - this will affect the concentrated loading in different parts of the line and definitely at
support locations , and the equipment nozzle loads.
09 - COMPONENT DESIGN - Have any of the piping components current design changed from
the their design in the original analysis?
CONCERN; Have wafer check (split disc) valves become swing check valves (8"-150# wafer
checks weigh 71# vs 390# for 8"-150# swing checks)? Have the cooling water valves at
exchangers changed from butterfly valves to gate valves (6"-150# butterfly valves weigh 45# vs
240# for 6"-150# gate valves)? Have gate valves become bellows seal gate valves (bellows seal
gate valves weigh 1 1/2 to 2 times as much as a standard gate valve)? All of these changes
result in increased weight. Did the handwheel on a gate valve get replaced by a motor operator?
10 - CONFIGURATION/ROUTING - Is the current configuration the same (If not, modification(s)
must be clearly specified/noted on isometrics) as that used for the original analysis?
CONCERN; Changes in shape of the system will affect bend leg (elbows especially), stress
analysis and calculations. Dimensional changes of only a "few inches", positive or negative, will
affect the analysis. Indicate all changes on isometrics, leave the decision to stress . Prior
discussions with stress engineer is also recommended to assess the degree of impact. Stress
may have quick decisions on small differences.
11 - INSULATION TYPE/EXTENT - Is the current insulation the same as that in the original
analysis?
CONCERN; If the insulation changes type such as from polyurethane to calcium silicate the
density changes which changes the weight , in this instance the insulation weight is tripled. If the
extent of the insulation changes from partial to full, or if the valve bodies or the flanges are
insulated when they originally were not - there will be increased weight.
12 - SYSTEM/PROCESS OPERATION - Is the current process (cycling) the same as for the
original analysis?
CONCERN; If a pair of pumps or other equipment are changed to where they are now in a
sparing design, stress for that piping will have to be re-analyzed. Information on process
operation will not be given to you. You have to have initiative and talk to process engineers.
Process operations result to determination of the number of cases for stress analysis. The
number of cycles also affects the limits or allowables of calculated stresses (ASME B31.3,
paragraph 302.3.5).
13 - BRANCH CONNECTION - Is the current design philosophy for branch connections the
same as for the original analysis?
CONCERN; If a stub-on connection changes to needing a reinforcing pad, or becomes a
reducing tee, or a weldolet, etc. , areas of congestion (layout) may be affected. if the material for
the project requires a long lead time - an MTO change could cause unnecessary delay in
fabrication/installation. MOST IMPORTANT IS THAT THE CORRECT CONSTRUCTION IS
USED! For different types of branch connections, the stress intensification factors differ .
Example, 8" sch.40 : TEE in-plane=1.63 & i out-plane=1.84; WELDOLET in-plane=2.23 & I outplane=
2.23; UNREINFORCED STUB-IN in-plane=3.96 & I out-plane=4.95.
14 - SUPPORT/ANCHOR/GUIDE LOCATION - Do the current locations match the locations
shown in the original analysis?
CONCERN; The locations must be as close to the original analysis locations as possible - the
approved system was approved only with those locations -anything much different is to be
reanalyzed. Modification(s) must be clearly specified/noted on isometrics. All support types
indicated on approved stress isometrics must be reflected on AFC isometrics for final stress signoff.
In cases of any support(s) which will not be automatically reflected by PDS (i.e., supports not
reflected because line is uninsulated and/or directly on steel), design needs to manually indicate
and add on isometrics for sign-off.
15 - SUPPORT/ANCHOR/GUIDE TYPE - Are the current types the same as those in the
original analysis?
CONCERN; During the course of a project, the supports/anchors/guides are subject to change
for one reason or another. if such a change takes place it is important that the newly-designed
support/anchor/guide meet the original requirements of the line. Did the variable spring hanger
become a constant spring hanger (becomes larger and could interfere with nearby structural steel
or piping, etc.)? Did the directional anchor become a full anchor, etc.? Modification(s) must be
clearly specified/noted on isometrics.
16 - EQUIPMENT DESIGN LIMITS - Is the current design of the related equipment the same as
used in the original analysis?
CONCERN; Sometimes a stress analysis is conducted using preliminary design criteria, when a
vendor is selected sometimes allowable loads on nozzles, shells, housings are less than that
used in the original analysis. The vendor data will have to be inspected to see if any changes will
cause the need for reanalysis of the line. Vendor drawing squad checks should passed both
design and stress to ensure that all items , i.e. dimensions, nozzle details and ratings, nozzle
loads, support details, support loads, etc., are all covered and communicated. Stress
communicates with equipment engineers and/or vendors.
17 - EQUIPMENT DESIGN/CONSTRUCTION - Is the current design/construction of the
connecting equipment changed from the design/construction used in the original analysis?
CONCERNS; During the course of a project the construction of the equipment can have changes
both internal and external that can affect the associated piping. One example is when the internal
construction of fired heaters changes - the tube design is either reconfigured or the internal tube
supports are moved. This could result in a different allowable load on the nozzle/connection than
that with which the line was originally analyzed. This is closely related in effect (if not the same)
to #16 above. Examples of special equipment design which will affect stress analysis are
refractory lining, stress relief requirement, excessive wind drifts. For horizontal equipment, i.e.,
shell and tube heat exchangers, horizontal vessels and drums, location of fixed and sliding
supports or saddles have effects on stress analysis and calculations.
18 - SHIPPING METHOD (IF MODULAR CONSTRUCTION) -
Is the current shipping method on the dressed vessel or module the same as the method of shipping used in the original analysis?
CONCERNS; When a dressed vessel or modularized piping system is shipped from the
fabrication area to the jobsite, the method of shipping may affect piping design and stress
analysis. When the first analysis is conducted, the project may not have a finalized idea of how
the vessel or module are being shipped. Some of those who make the decision may not fully
understand there are factors that will impact design and stress - so what happens is
construction/project makes a decision based on experience on the best available information and
sometimes it winds up being different than what will actually be used. When a module is shipped
some piping systems require temporary bracing and supporting to protect them from the effects
of handling - especially pump piping, polyvinylchloride (PVC) piping, fibreglas reinforced piping
(FRP), and any piping connected to equipment that is considered sensitive. In shipping, piping
and equipment can possibly sustain forces that approximate those encountered in operation.
Also, similar bracing may be required for dressed vessels and their connecting piping. Loads for
temporary vessel dress-out supports are calculated by stress.
19 - STRUCTURAL STEEL/CONCRETE REGARDING ATTACHMENT OF
SUPPORT/ANCHOR/GUIDE - Is the current design of the structural members serving as
attachment points changed so as to affect the supports used in the original analysis?
CONCERNS; The types of supports involved would be hangers, attachment to the underside of
beams, attachments to the sides of columns - were they once steel and now are concrete and
vice versa. Spring hanger drawings refer to the attachment surface - these must reflect the actual
method of attachment, whether welded, clamped, cinch-anchored, or drilled. Structural
movements (due to seismic , wind drifts) will affect stress analysis and calculations. These data
come from and supplied by the structural engineers.
20 - CLIMATIC DATA - Has the current weather data been revised to anything other than what
was used in the original analysis? Project will be the source for any information relating to
changes in data. Solar temperature, ambient temperature may have effects on stress analysis
and calculations.
21 - SEISMIC DATA - As in the climatic data, Project will be the source of information. Usually
established at the very start of the project, data coming from structural engineers.
22 - LINE LIST DATA - This is duplicated somewhat in items #1 through #7, #11 & #13. Anything
that causes the current design parameters to differ from the original used in the analysis must be
investigated for effects on analysis. Very important!
23 - P&ID - This works with items #1 through #7, #11, #13 & #22. Equally important!
VERIFYING INSTRUMENT EQUIPMENTS IN PIPING SYSTEM DESIGN.
In the P&ID , It is not only show the pipe, valve, fitting, flange but its show the istrument equipment that to provide to control the system operation. Like in the our body, the istrumentation is syaraf or brain and it function for feeling the activities in our body.
Here refer on the read from the book of the piping design, you will see the , what is the instruments equipment and shall be shown in 100% in the piping drawings such piping layout, piping section and piping isometric but in Bill of materials , the piper can not put the instrument materials in his Bill Of Materials, because usually the instrument materials is prepare in Bill of Materials Isntrument.
TEMPERATURE
- Size of connection ( 1", 1 1/2", or clamp/skin)
- Type of connection (female threaded, flanged, welded, or skin)
- The weight of the connection is correct (threaded is 6000#, flanged (including weldolet) is sch
160)
- The pipe is at least the minimum size specified for a temperature connection (Fluor Standard is
3" on buttwelded pipe, 2" @ threaded & socketwelded tees)
- A temperature connection on an elbow is located with the thermowell "into" the flow
- There is 2'-0" clear from the end of the olet or face of flange (for instrument installation/removal)
to the next obstruction
- The instrument (thermometer or thermocouple) does not interfere with walkways/aisleways
- If the thermowells are squad checked, they aren't too long for the pipe OR the equipment (in the
downpour area of a vertical vessel) - they should terminate near the center of the pipe and will
not interfere with equipment internals
- Whether readable or blind - the instrument is accessible per the project Piping Layout
Specifications
- When the instrument is readable - it can be read
- The piping components on the parts list on a trim iso for a flanged temperature connection
includes bolting and gaskets
- The reductions on a "pup piece" follow the instrument design Standard - not the Piping Material
Specification (if the contest is swage vs reducer)
- The instrument is in the correct location when specified as either VAPOR or LIQUID on the
P&ID at a vertical trayed vessel
- The instrument is located per the P&ID
PRESSURE
Gauges, switches, alarms, differential pressure (d/P cells)
- The stopping point of Piping's responsibility and the beginning of instrument design's
responsibility (after the valve)
- The size of the connection (1/2",3/4", 1", 1 1/2")
- The connection is the correct number of pipe diameters from the control valve when the control
valve is a back-pressure regulator or a pressure reducing regulator (BPR or PRR)
- The instrument is accessible per the project Piping Layout Specifications
- The instrument is located per the P&ID
- The instrument is located so as to permit the installation of the portion downstream of Piping's
responsibility and not interfere with walkways/aisleways - refer to 000 250 2720
Relief valves
- The outlet is larger than the inlet (in most cases)
- The rating of the inlet flange is higher than the rating of the outlet flange (in most cases)
- Bolts longer than the standard bolt length are in the parts list on the piping isometric
- Downstream piping is not pocketed
- Tailpipes discharging vertically upwardhave a weep hole
- Inlet & outlet piping has been to stress analysis
- Inlet & outlet piping has been reviewed for hydraulics if the relief valve is not "minimum" to the
system it is protecting
- Except on thermal relief valves, springs are always oriented vertically upward
- The relief valve has been correctly modeled in PDS
- If the downstream block valve is in a horizontal run, the hand wheel is in the horizontal to
vertically down position
LEVEL
- The gauge glass can be seen from the case of the level controller (didplacement-type)
- The case mounting and orientation of the "arm" of the level controller (displacement-type)
has been set by piping
- The swing of the case door(displacement-type controller) is not blocked
- All valves (block & vent & drain) are operable
- The level gauge glass can be cleaned
FLOW
Meter Runs
- The size matches the P&ID
- If the beta ratio is ANYTHING other than .75 (000 250 2710), and the upstream and
downstream runs used on the project are per the Fluor chart, this will be brought to the
attention of the piping supervisor, who, in turn, will bring it to the attention of control systems,
- The upstream and downstream runs have no welds within them
Coriolis Meters
- Motion isolation supports are properly located per the manufacturer's recommendations
Control Valves
- The flow pattern matches the flow pattern on the P&ID (angle vs straight)
- The size matches the P&ID
- If there is a handjack, it has been oriented by Piping
- The actuator type matches the type shown on the P&ID
- The size, rating and facing on the iso matches the instrument outline
- The end-to-end dimension on the iso matches the instrument outline
- The actuator model number is specified before the iso is checked
- The actuator modeled is the one specified
After you read the instrument materials/equipment, we can know much better about the piping design configuration between piping and instrument.
As you know, many companies in the world used Instrument Engineer and Piping Engineer to Update the PFD (Process Flow Diagram) to became a P&ID (Process and Instrument Diagram )
So the Piping Engineer should know the P&ID much better because if the piping engineer do not know about the P&ID is like a bird without two wings
Rumbai, 17 September 2010.
Sources : me and friend in Flour Daniel.
Here refer on the read from the book of the piping design, you will see the , what is the instruments equipment and shall be shown in 100% in the piping drawings such piping layout, piping section and piping isometric but in Bill of materials , the piper can not put the instrument materials in his Bill Of Materials, because usually the instrument materials is prepare in Bill of Materials Isntrument.
TEMPERATURE
- Size of connection ( 1", 1 1/2", or clamp/skin)
- Type of connection (female threaded, flanged, welded, or skin)
- The weight of the connection is correct (threaded is 6000#, flanged (including weldolet) is sch
160)
- The pipe is at least the minimum size specified for a temperature connection (Fluor Standard is
3" on buttwelded pipe, 2" @ threaded & socketwelded tees)
- A temperature connection on an elbow is located with the thermowell "into" the flow
- There is 2'-0" clear from the end of the olet or face of flange (for instrument installation/removal)
to the next obstruction
- The instrument (thermometer or thermocouple) does not interfere with walkways/aisleways
- If the thermowells are squad checked, they aren't too long for the pipe OR the equipment (in the
downpour area of a vertical vessel) - they should terminate near the center of the pipe and will
not interfere with equipment internals
- Whether readable or blind - the instrument is accessible per the project Piping Layout
Specifications
- When the instrument is readable - it can be read
- The piping components on the parts list on a trim iso for a flanged temperature connection
includes bolting and gaskets
- The reductions on a "pup piece" follow the instrument design Standard - not the Piping Material
Specification (if the contest is swage vs reducer)
- The instrument is in the correct location when specified as either VAPOR or LIQUID on the
P&ID at a vertical trayed vessel
- The instrument is located per the P&ID
PRESSURE
Gauges, switches, alarms, differential pressure (d/P cells)
- The stopping point of Piping's responsibility and the beginning of instrument design's
responsibility (after the valve)
- The size of the connection (1/2",3/4", 1", 1 1/2")
- The connection is the correct number of pipe diameters from the control valve when the control
valve is a back-pressure regulator or a pressure reducing regulator (BPR or PRR)
- The instrument is accessible per the project Piping Layout Specifications
- The instrument is located per the P&ID
- The instrument is located so as to permit the installation of the portion downstream of Piping's
responsibility and not interfere with walkways/aisleways - refer to 000 250 2720
Relief valves
- The outlet is larger than the inlet (in most cases)
- The rating of the inlet flange is higher than the rating of the outlet flange (in most cases)
- Bolts longer than the standard bolt length are in the parts list on the piping isometric
- Downstream piping is not pocketed
- Tailpipes discharging vertically upwardhave a weep hole
- Inlet & outlet piping has been to stress analysis
- Inlet & outlet piping has been reviewed for hydraulics if the relief valve is not "minimum" to the
system it is protecting
- Except on thermal relief valves, springs are always oriented vertically upward
- The relief valve has been correctly modeled in PDS
- If the downstream block valve is in a horizontal run, the hand wheel is in the horizontal to
vertically down position
LEVEL
- The gauge glass can be seen from the case of the level controller (didplacement-type)
- The case mounting and orientation of the "arm" of the level controller (displacement-type)
has been set by piping
- The swing of the case door(displacement-type controller) is not blocked
- All valves (block & vent & drain) are operable
- The level gauge glass can be cleaned
FLOW
Meter Runs
- The size matches the P&ID
- If the beta ratio is ANYTHING other than .75 (000 250 2710), and the upstream and
downstream runs used on the project are per the Fluor chart, this will be brought to the
attention of the piping supervisor, who, in turn, will bring it to the attention of control systems,
- The upstream and downstream runs have no welds within them
Coriolis Meters
- Motion isolation supports are properly located per the manufacturer's recommendations
Control Valves
- The flow pattern matches the flow pattern on the P&ID (angle vs straight)
- The size matches the P&ID
- If there is a handjack, it has been oriented by Piping
- The actuator type matches the type shown on the P&ID
- The size, rating and facing on the iso matches the instrument outline
- The end-to-end dimension on the iso matches the instrument outline
- The actuator model number is specified before the iso is checked
- The actuator modeled is the one specified
After you read the instrument materials/equipment, we can know much better about the piping design configuration between piping and instrument.
As you know, many companies in the world used Instrument Engineer and Piping Engineer to Update the PFD (Process Flow Diagram) to became a P&ID (Process and Instrument Diagram )
So the Piping Engineer should know the P&ID much better because if the piping engineer do not know about the P&ID is like a bird without two wings
Rumbai, 17 September 2010.
Sources : me and friend in Flour Daniel.
Thursday, September 16, 2010
PROBLEM YANG DIJUMPAI SAAT MENGECEK ISOMETRIC DRAWINGS
Berikut ini saya coba untuk menginformasikan kepada anda masalah-masalah yang dihadapi pada saat mengecekan gambar isometric..tata cara ini saya peroleh dari teman yang bekerja di Fluor Daniel Inc.
Dan saya rasa ini sangat baik untuk kita yang ingin mendalami ilmu piping lebih lanjut.
Semua text dalam Bahasa Inggris dan kalau kurang paham dalam bahasa Inggris coba aja di translate lewat google translete.. http://www.google.com/
YOU ARE EXPECTED TO LEARN FROM THE MISTAKES OF OTHERS AND REDUCE THE NUMBER AND SERIOUSNESS OF MISTAKES ON ISOMETRICS BELOW IS A LIST OF TYPES OF "PROBLEMS" SEEN ON CHECKED ISOMETRICS FROM VARIOUS PROJECTS:
01 - Color code not used properly
02 - Data block not completely filed in
03 - Data block not checked
04 - Line continuation not checked
05 - Unrecognizable symbology
06 - Audit checklist not filled out completely or not filled out correctly
07 - Piping components that are incorrectly listed in the parts list categorizing them as
shop, field, field assembly
08 - Field welds shown at every weld on a field fab iso
09 - Field welds omitted - especially at sheet continuations
10 - Checker made notes to self or others that were in red instead of black or blue
11 - Checker did not make himself clear in what was required, he used an ambiguous
narrative statement rather than detailing and locating
12 - Steam trap piping checked without any standard or job instruction
13 - Impossible dimensions either PDS-generated or annotated - for example a gate valve
6mm long
14 - Incompatability of piping components - for example a copper tee on a carbon steel
header
15 - Pipe guides and their locations not checked
16 - Checker takes the time to write a note say ing a flow arrow is needed rather than just
drawing it in red
17 - Vents and drains drawn in red but not located
18 - Dimensions changed for one millimeter
19 - High point vent specified as a sockolet and a screwed plug
20 - Unneeded field welds added by the checker
21 - Hydrostatic vents and drains missing
22 - Flanged valves added by the checker without locating dimensions
23 - Isometric checked with instrumentation on hold
24 - Duplication of dimensions by the checker - added to existing dimensions
25 - Piping components called out as required by the checker but not drawn or located
26 - Notes by the checker in red - "install drain", "clarify valve size and rating"
27 - Items added in parts list but not shown on the iso
28 - Checker added dimensions in red but also the word "approximate"
29 - Checker spent time correcting the quantities in the parts list
30 - Checker circled something in red with either the note "fix" or with a question mark
31 - Text is too small
32 - Screwed plug welded to valve
33 - Iso checked without stress sketch
34 - Mark numbers missing
35 - Checker marked up the parts list and nothing else
36 - Notes on the iso in black pencil that should be shown in red so the backdrafter will
pick them up
37 - Checker is unsure if line is sloped (a note with a question mark)
38 - Parts list receiving more attention than the data block or graphic portion
39 - Steam/condensate break in the wrong place on a steam trap iso
40 - DUMB NOTE; "Reverse the flow" is written rather than drawing a red flow arrow
41 - An iso to be deleted is indicated as such with a post-it that can fall off instead of
marking directly on the iso
42 - Lots of checker activity/marks in red on backcheck print
43 - Duplicating a red mark with a note saying EXACTLY the same thing
44 - Socketweld valve is field and needs FW on both ends of the valve
45 - Red question marks in the data block
46 - HOLD shown in black pencil
47 - 100mm long spoolpiece added between every place where fitting make up could be
used
48 - A bend is shown but without a callout or radius
49 - Common BOP not called out at dummy supports
50 - Control valve manifold block valve and bypass not in proper location per jo standards.
51 - Lack of common sense...3 BA's in a configuration 2 meters long - two are sliding and
one is fixed
52 - Steam trap piping that is not initially shown on the check print should be handled
either by the checker drawing it in red or returning it to the designer to have it added for
check - NOT just circle it up for the backdrafter to do
53 - Screwed gate valve has a plug welded to it
54 - Line needs future connection - checker says it's to be added but doesn't locate or
detail it
55 - Line was checked without IDP being run
56 - Shoe has been deleted but the dimension remains in place
57 - FFW used on 1 1/2" pipe
58 - Expansion loop shown on a line not requiring stress analysis – IA header
59 - Field fab piping with mark numbers
60 - Steam trap at control valve manifold shown after the downstream block valve
61 - Modified support detail dimensions are mixed - some are in millimeters some are in
inches
62 - Spec break shown at the weld of a weld neck flange
63 - Weep hole for relief valve to atm is in the side of the elbow
64 - The checker detailed rebar in a CPS
65 - Schedule of pipe being supported is called out on a support detail
66 - Check print already has been signed off - prior to check
67 - Header block valve is too far from the header
68 - Blow off valve missing at y-strainer
69 - Pipe is unsupported
70 - Horizontal line resting on a 5FS1S1 is u-bolted when it does not need a u-bolt
71 - Checking time for iso on audit status sheet says 5 minutes for a complex line
72 - Bolts and gaskets were removed from one sheet and were not added on the
continuation sheet
73 - Pipe at minus 50 degrees but not requiring stress analysis
74 - Checker invented own library of symbols for audit status sheet - without explanation
75 - Bolt hole note stating industry standard is unnecessary
76 - Support detail shows insulation on the line, but the line is uninsulated
77 - 55 meters of straight pipe with out attachments of any kind are shop fabricated
78 - New dimension added in red, but old dimension is not deleted
9 - 5G1 used on a line w/3" thick insulation - can't be done
80 - MISMATCH - audit checklist if for a different line number than the iso to which it is
attached, yet the marks on the checklist match those on the iso
81 - Work point elevations at elbows and slope plus distance traveled do not "work" - can't
be built
82 - Incomplete U-bolt call outs
83 - Weld dot shown on threaded connection
84 - Shop fab supports shown in field fab portion of parts list
85 - Galvanized, threaded pipe with galvanized malleable iron fittings shown as shop
fabricated
86 - Undimensioned mark number
87 - Dimension locating shoe places one end of the shoe past the centerline of a nearby 90
degree ell
88 - 5US used in a horizontal run. 5US used on galvanized pipe.
89 - Span charts not adhered to for proper support.
90 - Signing off iso's that have ERROR READING DATABASE on the parts list
91 - Elbow that is rotated but does not have the offset dimensionally called out.
92 - Insulation breaks that are unnecessary between header and vent.
93 - Incorrect item codes for pipe that is purchased pre-painted.
94 - Incorrect fab code for base supports and shoes.
95 - Carbon steel shoe on a stainless steel line. Putting shoes in the field that should go in
the shop.
96 - Incorrect or no line continuation called out.
97 - Incorrect choice on PWHT / seal weld / fabrication category in the title box.
98 - Dimensions that can not be read.
99 - Not placing low point drains and high point vents on the shop portion of rack ISO's.
100- Noting PP for insulation for lines that do not require it.
101- Not maximizing spool piece sizes for shipping.
102- Placing field welds below platforms making welding more difficult than necessary.
103- Spool pieces that exceed shipping box size.
104- Checker spent time correcting "cut length" on bill of material.
105- Process drains left off.
106- PLSR not verified for completion.
107- Continuation at equipment not verified with latest nozzle report.
108- Not following standard for insulation lugs.
109- Incorrect call out for insulation lugs.
110- Not using coupling to join small bore pipe together.
111- Addition of couplings for pipe that is "T & C"
112- Not following assembly details for instruments.
113- Incorrect nipple length to get assembly outside of insulation.
114- Not sequencing P & I D with regard to branch location.
115- Handwheels not accessible.
116- Placing a FW in the middle of a pipe run (because of change of partition) rather than
at a flange or fitting.
117- Breaking spec at the weld of a fitting rather than the valve.
118- Guides that are too close to a change of direction
119- Flow arrows on dummy supports and support stanchions.
120- Not meeting the minimum required size for dummy support.
121- Not utilizing bends in suitable locations where spec calls for them as PREFERRED
FABRICATION"
122- Using short spool pieces that place welds too close together.
123- Incorrect boot size on the steam header.
124- Using 300# weld neck flanges instead of orifice flanges where required.
125- Adding a spool piece where high point vent could have been placed on the elbow
(minimum from the weld).
126- Ignoring constructability issue when penetrating a platform.
127- Not giving enough clearance between insulation and grade.
128- Placing loose items like nipples in the shop
129- Making a FW at the large end of a reducer.
130- Creating pockets by using concentric reducers.
131- Not providing weep holes in tail pipes that vent to atmosphere.
132- Not showing dummy support on parts list.
Dan saya rasa ini sangat baik untuk kita yang ingin mendalami ilmu piping lebih lanjut.
Semua text dalam Bahasa Inggris dan kalau kurang paham dalam bahasa Inggris coba aja di translate lewat google translete.. http://www.google.com/
YOU ARE EXPECTED TO LEARN FROM THE MISTAKES OF OTHERS AND REDUCE THE NUMBER AND SERIOUSNESS OF MISTAKES ON ISOMETRICS BELOW IS A LIST OF TYPES OF "PROBLEMS" SEEN ON CHECKED ISOMETRICS FROM VARIOUS PROJECTS:
01 - Color code not used properly
02 - Data block not completely filed in
03 - Data block not checked
04 - Line continuation not checked
05 - Unrecognizable symbology
06 - Audit checklist not filled out completely or not filled out correctly
07 - Piping components that are incorrectly listed in the parts list categorizing them as
shop, field, field assembly
08 - Field welds shown at every weld on a field fab iso
09 - Field welds omitted - especially at sheet continuations
10 - Checker made notes to self or others that were in red instead of black or blue
11 - Checker did not make himself clear in what was required, he used an ambiguous
narrative statement rather than detailing and locating
12 - Steam trap piping checked without any standard or job instruction
13 - Impossible dimensions either PDS-generated or annotated - for example a gate valve
6mm long
14 - Incompatability of piping components - for example a copper tee on a carbon steel
header
15 - Pipe guides and their locations not checked
16 - Checker takes the time to write a note say ing a flow arrow is needed rather than just
drawing it in red
17 - Vents and drains drawn in red but not located
18 - Dimensions changed for one millimeter
19 - High point vent specified as a sockolet and a screwed plug
20 - Unneeded field welds added by the checker
21 - Hydrostatic vents and drains missing
22 - Flanged valves added by the checker without locating dimensions
23 - Isometric checked with instrumentation on hold
24 - Duplication of dimensions by the checker - added to existing dimensions
25 - Piping components called out as required by the checker but not drawn or located
26 - Notes by the checker in red - "install drain", "clarify valve size and rating"
27 - Items added in parts list but not shown on the iso
28 - Checker added dimensions in red but also the word "approximate"
29 - Checker spent time correcting the quantities in the parts list
30 - Checker circled something in red with either the note "fix" or with a question mark
31 - Text is too small
32 - Screwed plug welded to valve
33 - Iso checked without stress sketch
34 - Mark numbers missing
35 - Checker marked up the parts list and nothing else
36 - Notes on the iso in black pencil that should be shown in red so the backdrafter will
pick them up
37 - Checker is unsure if line is sloped (a note with a question mark)
38 - Parts list receiving more attention than the data block or graphic portion
39 - Steam/condensate break in the wrong place on a steam trap iso
40 - DUMB NOTE; "Reverse the flow" is written rather than drawing a red flow arrow
41 - An iso to be deleted is indicated as such with a post-it that can fall off instead of
marking directly on the iso
42 - Lots of checker activity/marks in red on backcheck print
43 - Duplicating a red mark with a note saying EXACTLY the same thing
44 - Socketweld valve is field and needs FW on both ends of the valve
45 - Red question marks in the data block
46 - HOLD shown in black pencil
47 - 100mm long spoolpiece added between every place where fitting make up could be
used
48 - A bend is shown but without a callout or radius
49 - Common BOP not called out at dummy supports
50 - Control valve manifold block valve and bypass not in proper location per jo standards.
51 - Lack of common sense...3 BA's in a configuration 2 meters long - two are sliding and
one is fixed
52 - Steam trap piping that is not initially shown on the check print should be handled
either by the checker drawing it in red or returning it to the designer to have it added for
check - NOT just circle it up for the backdrafter to do
53 - Screwed gate valve has a plug welded to it
54 - Line needs future connection - checker says it's to be added but doesn't locate or
detail it
55 - Line was checked without IDP being run
56 - Shoe has been deleted but the dimension remains in place
57 - FFW used on 1 1/2" pipe
58 - Expansion loop shown on a line not requiring stress analysis – IA header
59 - Field fab piping with mark numbers
60 - Steam trap at control valve manifold shown after the downstream block valve
61 - Modified support detail dimensions are mixed - some are in millimeters some are in
inches
62 - Spec break shown at the weld of a weld neck flange
63 - Weep hole for relief valve to atm is in the side of the elbow
64 - The checker detailed rebar in a CPS
65 - Schedule of pipe being supported is called out on a support detail
66 - Check print already has been signed off - prior to check
67 - Header block valve is too far from the header
68 - Blow off valve missing at y-strainer
69 - Pipe is unsupported
70 - Horizontal line resting on a 5FS1S1 is u-bolted when it does not need a u-bolt
71 - Checking time for iso on audit status sheet says 5 minutes for a complex line
72 - Bolts and gaskets were removed from one sheet and were not added on the
continuation sheet
73 - Pipe at minus 50 degrees but not requiring stress analysis
74 - Checker invented own library of symbols for audit status sheet - without explanation
75 - Bolt hole note stating industry standard is unnecessary
76 - Support detail shows insulation on the line, but the line is uninsulated
77 - 55 meters of straight pipe with out attachments of any kind are shop fabricated
78 - New dimension added in red, but old dimension is not deleted
9 - 5G1 used on a line w/3" thick insulation - can't be done
80 - MISMATCH - audit checklist if for a different line number than the iso to which it is
attached, yet the marks on the checklist match those on the iso
81 - Work point elevations at elbows and slope plus distance traveled do not "work" - can't
be built
82 - Incomplete U-bolt call outs
83 - Weld dot shown on threaded connection
84 - Shop fab supports shown in field fab portion of parts list
85 - Galvanized, threaded pipe with galvanized malleable iron fittings shown as shop
fabricated
86 - Undimensioned mark number
87 - Dimension locating shoe places one end of the shoe past the centerline of a nearby 90
degree ell
88 - 5US used in a horizontal run. 5US used on galvanized pipe.
89 - Span charts not adhered to for proper support.
90 - Signing off iso's that have ERROR READING DATABASE on the parts list
91 - Elbow that is rotated but does not have the offset dimensionally called out.
92 - Insulation breaks that are unnecessary between header and vent.
93 - Incorrect item codes for pipe that is purchased pre-painted.
94 - Incorrect fab code for base supports and shoes.
95 - Carbon steel shoe on a stainless steel line. Putting shoes in the field that should go in
the shop.
96 - Incorrect or no line continuation called out.
97 - Incorrect choice on PWHT / seal weld / fabrication category in the title box.
98 - Dimensions that can not be read.
99 - Not placing low point drains and high point vents on the shop portion of rack ISO's.
100- Noting PP for insulation for lines that do not require it.
101- Not maximizing spool piece sizes for shipping.
102- Placing field welds below platforms making welding more difficult than necessary.
103- Spool pieces that exceed shipping box size.
104- Checker spent time correcting "cut length" on bill of material.
105- Process drains left off.
106- PLSR not verified for completion.
107- Continuation at equipment not verified with latest nozzle report.
108- Not following standard for insulation lugs.
109- Incorrect call out for insulation lugs.
110- Not using coupling to join small bore pipe together.
111- Addition of couplings for pipe that is "T & C"
112- Not following assembly details for instruments.
113- Incorrect nipple length to get assembly outside of insulation.
114- Not sequencing P & I D with regard to branch location.
115- Handwheels not accessible.
116- Placing a FW in the middle of a pipe run (because of change of partition) rather than
at a flange or fitting.
117- Breaking spec at the weld of a fitting rather than the valve.
118- Guides that are too close to a change of direction
119- Flow arrows on dummy supports and support stanchions.
120- Not meeting the minimum required size for dummy support.
121- Not utilizing bends in suitable locations where spec calls for them as PREFERRED
FABRICATION"
122- Using short spool pieces that place welds too close together.
123- Incorrect boot size on the steam header.
124- Using 300# weld neck flanges instead of orifice flanges where required.
125- Adding a spool piece where high point vent could have been placed on the elbow
(minimum from the weld).
126- Ignoring constructability issue when penetrating a platform.
127- Not giving enough clearance between insulation and grade.
128- Placing loose items like nipples in the shop
129- Making a FW at the large end of a reducer.
130- Creating pockets by using concentric reducers.
131- Not providing weep holes in tail pipes that vent to atmosphere.
132- Not showing dummy support on parts list.
VENT, DRAIN, & BLEED-HYDRO, PROCESS & MAINTENANCE
Here some information that needed to the piping designer and engineer for the vent , drain and bleed that required when do the design of the piping process and maintenance..
HIGH POINT
This is probably one of the MOST MISUNDERSTOOD terms regarding Piping Design, with low
point being equally misunderstood.
In terms of venting the high point of piping, THE HIGH POINT IS NOT THE SINGLE HIGHEST
POINT IN THE ENTIRE SYSTEM!!!!! Instead, it is correctly, ANY place in a piping system in
which air or vapor can collect - INCLUDING THE SMALL VOLUME THAT WOULD BE CREATED
IN AN ECCENTRIC, BOTTOM FLAT SWAGE. In almost all cases, a piping system has
SEVERAL high points - THERE IS ALMOST NEVER ONLY ONE HIGH POINT. I have seen
piping system with 10 or more high points in them. If the line was to be hydrostatically-tested,
EVERY ONE OF THOSE HIGH POINTS WOULD HAVE A VENT!!!!!
LOW POINT
The exact same philosophy regarding high points pertains 100% to low points - low points are
different in that liquid is "pooling" and collecting. A piping system can, like the above, have
MANY LOW POINTS.
HYDROTEST OR HYDROSTATIC TEST
This test is done by filling a piping system with water and increasing the pressure to a specified
amount, maintaining that pressure for a
specified amount of time, examining for leaks or loss of pressure, then draining the system.
High point vents and low point drains are required for this type of test. These vent and drains are
used one time only at the time of hydrostatic test - to allow the filling of the line with water and
removing the water from the line.
The construction of the vent or drain is governed by your Project instructions, these vents and
drains are usually unvalved threaded connections using a screwed cap or screwed plug. On
some Projects unbolting of flanged connections in a high point or low point to permit the gas or
liquid to escape is permitted in the Piping Field Pressure Test Specification - READ THE
SPECIFICATION AND FIND OUT WHAT IS ALLOWED!!!
The specified pressures and duration are covered in the Piping Field Pressure Test Specification
for the Project.
PNEUMATIC OR AIR TEST
This type of test involves using air pressure maintained for a specified amount of time to check
the integrity of the system. High point vents and low point drains are not required because water
is not involved.
PROCESS VENTS AND DRAINS
These are required by the Process Engineering group and are necessary for the correct
functioning of the process. Process vents and drains appear on the P&ID and are usually valved.
BLEEDS
Bleeds are used to depressurize and sometimes drain a volume of pipe for maintenance
purposes. Because they are used again and again, they are valved.
If a bleed is used only to depressurize, it can be placed in any safe orientation.
If a bleed is also used to drain liquid, then it needs to be located at the lowest point of the volume
of pipe being drained/depressurized.
Examples of bleed locations include;
1. Between a control valve and the upstream block valve.
2. Between a relief valve and the upstream block valve and between the relief valve and the
downstream block valve.
3. At the lower connection of a level gauge.
4. At the lower connection of a level switch/alarm.
ITEM PURPOSE CONSTRUCTION ISO DRAWING P&ID
Process Process Valved with YES YES YES
Vent/Drain requirements. blind flange.
Frequently used.
cap or plug.
Hydrostatic Pressure test Unvalved with YES NO NO
Vent/Drain blind flange,
cap or plug.
Bleed Depressurizing Valved with YES NO YES
and/or draining blind flange,
for maintenance cap or plug.
HIGH POINT
This is probably one of the MOST MISUNDERSTOOD terms regarding Piping Design, with low
point being equally misunderstood.
In terms of venting the high point of piping, THE HIGH POINT IS NOT THE SINGLE HIGHEST
POINT IN THE ENTIRE SYSTEM!!!!! Instead, it is correctly, ANY place in a piping system in
which air or vapor can collect - INCLUDING THE SMALL VOLUME THAT WOULD BE CREATED
IN AN ECCENTRIC, BOTTOM FLAT SWAGE. In almost all cases, a piping system has
SEVERAL high points - THERE IS ALMOST NEVER ONLY ONE HIGH POINT. I have seen
piping system with 10 or more high points in them. If the line was to be hydrostatically-tested,
EVERY ONE OF THOSE HIGH POINTS WOULD HAVE A VENT!!!!!
LOW POINT
The exact same philosophy regarding high points pertains 100% to low points - low points are
different in that liquid is "pooling" and collecting. A piping system can, like the above, have
MANY LOW POINTS.
HYDROTEST OR HYDROSTATIC TEST
This test is done by filling a piping system with water and increasing the pressure to a specified
amount, maintaining that pressure for a
specified amount of time, examining for leaks or loss of pressure, then draining the system.
High point vents and low point drains are required for this type of test. These vent and drains are
used one time only at the time of hydrostatic test - to allow the filling of the line with water and
removing the water from the line.
The construction of the vent or drain is governed by your Project instructions, these vents and
drains are usually unvalved threaded connections using a screwed cap or screwed plug. On
some Projects unbolting of flanged connections in a high point or low point to permit the gas or
liquid to escape is permitted in the Piping Field Pressure Test Specification - READ THE
SPECIFICATION AND FIND OUT WHAT IS ALLOWED!!!
The specified pressures and duration are covered in the Piping Field Pressure Test Specification
for the Project.
PNEUMATIC OR AIR TEST
This type of test involves using air pressure maintained for a specified amount of time to check
the integrity of the system. High point vents and low point drains are not required because water
is not involved.
PROCESS VENTS AND DRAINS
These are required by the Process Engineering group and are necessary for the correct
functioning of the process. Process vents and drains appear on the P&ID and are usually valved.
BLEEDS
Bleeds are used to depressurize and sometimes drain a volume of pipe for maintenance
purposes. Because they are used again and again, they are valved.
If a bleed is used only to depressurize, it can be placed in any safe orientation.
If a bleed is also used to drain liquid, then it needs to be located at the lowest point of the volume
of pipe being drained/depressurized.
Examples of bleed locations include;
1. Between a control valve and the upstream block valve.
2. Between a relief valve and the upstream block valve and between the relief valve and the
downstream block valve.
3. At the lower connection of a level gauge.
4. At the lower connection of a level switch/alarm.
ITEM PURPOSE CONSTRUCTION ISO DRAWING P&ID
Process Process Valved with YES YES YES
Vent/Drain requirements. blind flange.
Frequently used.
cap or plug.
Hydrostatic Pressure test Unvalved with YES NO NO
Vent/Drain blind flange,
cap or plug.
Bleed Depressurizing Valved with YES NO YES
and/or draining blind flange,
for maintenance cap or plug.
FIELD WELD DESIGN DAN FIT UP
Here I enclosed the other responsibilities for the piping designers while the piping designer is also responsible for locating the field welds and the field fit up welds.
There are 4 categories of welds -
· Field Welds
· Field Fit Up Welds
· Shop Welds
· Tack Welds
In this Piping Design Tip we will address Field Welds (FW) & Field Fit Up Welds (FFW). Shop
Welds and Tack Welds will be touched on briefly.
DEFINITIONS:
Field Weld (FW)
- A weld performed somewhere other than the pipe fabrication shop. This is the welded point of
connection between two Mark Pieces.
The end preparation of the pipe is a beveled end for butt welding.
The PREFERRED location is in a horizontal run.
Field Fit Up Weld (FFW)
- A weld that is performed somewhere other than the pipe fabrication
shop. This is the welded point of connection between two Mark Pieces but it differs from the Field
weld in that this type of weld is used when Piping Design does not have information that enables
them to establish a definite dimension for a Mark Piece. Examples of this situation include
having only preliminary vendor information (equipment, instruments,
etc.), or, not knowing the exact location of a point to which the Mark Piece is to connect. THE
FIELD FIT UP WELD IS USED ONLY WHEN NECESSARY - IT IS YOUR LAST
CONSIDERATION.
The end preparation of the pipe is either a plain (square cut) end or is a torch (square cut) cut end
both with 6 additional inches of pipe added to the end of the Mark Piece, the additional 6 inches is
NOT REFLECTED in the dimension shown on the isometric. The purpose of the additional 6"
length is for any adjustment in pipe length required at the location of installation.
The PREFERRED location is in a horizontal run.
Shop Weld
- A weld that is performed in the pipe fabrication shop.
Tack Weld
- A weld performed either in the pipe fabrication shop or somewhere else that is only designed to
temporarily "keep" piping components together during their transportation to the installation
location. At the location of installation the tack weld is "broken" to separate the two components
and reposition them for final welding installation.
Mark Piece
- An assembly fabricated in a pipe fabrication shop that COULD consist of; pipe, fittings, flanges,
attachments, and on some Projects - valves and instruments.
Mark Number
- A unique number assigned to a Mark Piece - used for identifying and tracking the Mark Piece -
from design to installation..
Shipping Box
- Sometimes called a Shipping Container, or just Box. This has a fixed set of 3 dimensions that
into which any Mark Piece can fit in a square, not skewed (diagonal) position. Even though no
box or container may really exist, all Mark Pieces are designed to fit within it's limits. Handling of
the Mark Piece is easier when the Mark Pieces are similar in size. The 3 dimensions are 11'-0" x
8'-0" x 38'-0" per Fluor Daniel Standard. Your Project will establish it's own dimensions.
The following must be considered when locating Field Welds and Field Fit Up Welds:
1 - The preferred FW/FFW location is in a horizontal run.
2 - The FW/FFW should be located, whenever possible, where the welder
can perform the weld without scaffolding, ladders or other temporary means. The ideal location
for a welder is above a platform, floor, or something on which the welder can stand safely and
comfortably - this is accounting for the "ease of installation." Do consider the "ease of
\ installation" when locating FW & FFW - BE AWARE of the constraints, obstacles, etc. in the area
which the Mark Piece is to be installed.
3 - While number 3 above is 100% true, it's theory and application is changed somewhat when
you have piping that is to be installed on a vertical vessel BEFORE the vessel is erected. In this
situation, the FW/FFW can be made from a more "controlled" and convenient position by the
welder than what would be normally done - the welder could make a weld from a height of 5 feet
in this instance when the "usual" distance could be from a height of 75 feet.
4 - The FW/FFW should be located, whenever possible, so Mark Pieces are (self) supported
without the need for temporary support or "blocking up" to keep the Mark Piece in place during
installation.
5 - The FW/FFW must be located so that the Mark Piece will fit within the three dimensions of the
Shipping Box without positioning the Mark Piece in a skewed (diagonal) shipping position. The
result of having a skewed Mark Piece is that it may require too much of the Shipping Box volume
and possibly crowding out other Mark Pieces in the box.
6 - The FW/FFW should be located so that the Mark Piece will squarely fit in the Shipping Box as
in number 4 above, but also not be a "Press Fit" (a tight/squeezed-in fit). This means that the
dimensions of the Mark Piece should not be the same dimension as any of the dimensions of the
Shipping Box - make the Mark Piece a little shorter - it's good insurance. There is no rule as to
how much shorter, 2 or 3 inches will be sufficient.
7 - When you are checking to be sure your Mark Piece fits in the Shipping Box, be sure you do
not fall into the trap of only looking at the dimensions on the isometric. You must always
remember there are UNDIMENSIONED ITEMS that will add to the size of your Mark Piece, some
of these UNDIMENSIONED ITEMS are:
a) 1/2 the outside diameter of the pipe
b) 1/2 the outside diameter of a flange
c) A valve handwheel or operator -- ONLY IF THE VALVE IS BEING INSTALLED IN THE
SHOP
d) A pipe stub or structural shape that is welded to the Mark Piece. It could be part of an
attachment to a support, anchor, guide, a dummy support, a support trunnion, a shoe, a
directional anchor,etc. (often seen on heat-treated or alloy piping).
8 - It is considered good practice for a FW/FFW to be placed on a run of piping that connects to
two or more nozzles on a piece of equipment - or - connects two pieces of equipment. In either
case it is desirable to have the option of adjustment in the field during installation. The reason for
this is that NOTHING IN THIS WORLD IS INSTALLED WHERE IT IS SUPPOSED TO BE
INSTALLED - THERE ARE NO EXCEPTIONS TO THIS FACT. Tolerances in fabrication,
manufacture, and installation are the reason for this. We can say something is correctly installed
if it is installed within an acceptable variance or error. You will see this expressed as plus or
minus in some situations. So, at a point where you need a weld, consider the above and make it
a FW/FFW.
9 - If your Project has Piperack Loading Drawings, pay special attention to the required locations
specified for FW.
10 - Be absolutely certain you have interface with the Designers in Partitions that are adjacent to
yours, you (or your neighbor) may have placed a FW/FFW in your Partition per all rules but a lack
of interface with the adjacent Partition may give us 2 FW/FFW within a few feet of each other - we
look pretty stupid when this happens - this is something we let our competitor companies do - not
us.
11 - There are definitely places and situations that are considered "bad" choices/locations for
FW/FFW. They can be done but they do not reflect the most intelligent or efficient options due to
their location making them difficult to weld, or, the configuration of the weld being expensive
when done in the field as opposed to being done in the shop - some of these are:
"BAD CHOICES" and the reasons they are "bad."
a) Locating a FW at the "fish mouth" connection to the header at a stub-on connection. This
presents a longer and more expensive weld than what you would have with a circumferential
FW.An alternative design would be to have a short pipe "stub" coming out of the header with a
circumferential FW.
This is unavoidable when a stub-on connection occurs when the branch line is shop
fabricated and the header is rack-loaded.
b) Locating a FW in such a manner that one of the mark pieces is a flangeor fitting that is
shipped loose. It is possible for the fitting or flange to be lost in transit somewhere from the
shop to the installation location. Lost can also mean the fitting or flange is used elsewhere at
the job site. Be aware that PDS can cause a FW to be located to cause the situation.
There are 4 categories of welds -
· Field Welds
· Field Fit Up Welds
· Shop Welds
· Tack Welds
In this Piping Design Tip we will address Field Welds (FW) & Field Fit Up Welds (FFW). Shop
Welds and Tack Welds will be touched on briefly.
DEFINITIONS:
Field Weld (FW)
- A weld performed somewhere other than the pipe fabrication shop. This is the welded point of
connection between two Mark Pieces.
The end preparation of the pipe is a beveled end for butt welding.
The PREFERRED location is in a horizontal run.
Field Fit Up Weld (FFW)
- A weld that is performed somewhere other than the pipe fabrication
shop. This is the welded point of connection between two Mark Pieces but it differs from the Field
weld in that this type of weld is used when Piping Design does not have information that enables
them to establish a definite dimension for a Mark Piece. Examples of this situation include
having only preliminary vendor information (equipment, instruments,
etc.), or, not knowing the exact location of a point to which the Mark Piece is to connect. THE
FIELD FIT UP WELD IS USED ONLY WHEN NECESSARY - IT IS YOUR LAST
CONSIDERATION.
The end preparation of the pipe is either a plain (square cut) end or is a torch (square cut) cut end
both with 6 additional inches of pipe added to the end of the Mark Piece, the additional 6 inches is
NOT REFLECTED in the dimension shown on the isometric. The purpose of the additional 6"
length is for any adjustment in pipe length required at the location of installation.
The PREFERRED location is in a horizontal run.
Shop Weld
- A weld that is performed in the pipe fabrication shop.
Tack Weld
- A weld performed either in the pipe fabrication shop or somewhere else that is only designed to
temporarily "keep" piping components together during their transportation to the installation
location. At the location of installation the tack weld is "broken" to separate the two components
and reposition them for final welding installation.
Mark Piece
- An assembly fabricated in a pipe fabrication shop that COULD consist of; pipe, fittings, flanges,
attachments, and on some Projects - valves and instruments.
Mark Number
- A unique number assigned to a Mark Piece - used for identifying and tracking the Mark Piece -
from design to installation..
Shipping Box
- Sometimes called a Shipping Container, or just Box. This has a fixed set of 3 dimensions that
into which any Mark Piece can fit in a square, not skewed (diagonal) position. Even though no
box or container may really exist, all Mark Pieces are designed to fit within it's limits. Handling of
the Mark Piece is easier when the Mark Pieces are similar in size. The 3 dimensions are 11'-0" x
8'-0" x 38'-0" per Fluor Daniel Standard. Your Project will establish it's own dimensions.
The following must be considered when locating Field Welds and Field Fit Up Welds:
1 - The preferred FW/FFW location is in a horizontal run.
2 - The FW/FFW should be located, whenever possible, where the welder
can perform the weld without scaffolding, ladders or other temporary means. The ideal location
for a welder is above a platform, floor, or something on which the welder can stand safely and
comfortably - this is accounting for the "ease of installation." Do consider the "ease of
\ installation" when locating FW & FFW - BE AWARE of the constraints, obstacles, etc. in the area
which the Mark Piece is to be installed.
3 - While number 3 above is 100% true, it's theory and application is changed somewhat when
you have piping that is to be installed on a vertical vessel BEFORE the vessel is erected. In this
situation, the FW/FFW can be made from a more "controlled" and convenient position by the
welder than what would be normally done - the welder could make a weld from a height of 5 feet
in this instance when the "usual" distance could be from a height of 75 feet.
4 - The FW/FFW should be located, whenever possible, so Mark Pieces are (self) supported
without the need for temporary support or "blocking up" to keep the Mark Piece in place during
installation.
5 - The FW/FFW must be located so that the Mark Piece will fit within the three dimensions of the
Shipping Box without positioning the Mark Piece in a skewed (diagonal) shipping position. The
result of having a skewed Mark Piece is that it may require too much of the Shipping Box volume
and possibly crowding out other Mark Pieces in the box.
6 - The FW/FFW should be located so that the Mark Piece will squarely fit in the Shipping Box as
in number 4 above, but also not be a "Press Fit" (a tight/squeezed-in fit). This means that the
dimensions of the Mark Piece should not be the same dimension as any of the dimensions of the
Shipping Box - make the Mark Piece a little shorter - it's good insurance. There is no rule as to
how much shorter, 2 or 3 inches will be sufficient.
7 - When you are checking to be sure your Mark Piece fits in the Shipping Box, be sure you do
not fall into the trap of only looking at the dimensions on the isometric. You must always
remember there are UNDIMENSIONED ITEMS that will add to the size of your Mark Piece, some
of these UNDIMENSIONED ITEMS are:
a) 1/2 the outside diameter of the pipe
b) 1/2 the outside diameter of a flange
c) A valve handwheel or operator -- ONLY IF THE VALVE IS BEING INSTALLED IN THE
SHOP
d) A pipe stub or structural shape that is welded to the Mark Piece. It could be part of an
attachment to a support, anchor, guide, a dummy support, a support trunnion, a shoe, a
directional anchor,etc. (often seen on heat-treated or alloy piping).
8 - It is considered good practice for a FW/FFW to be placed on a run of piping that connects to
two or more nozzles on a piece of equipment - or - connects two pieces of equipment. In either
case it is desirable to have the option of adjustment in the field during installation. The reason for
this is that NOTHING IN THIS WORLD IS INSTALLED WHERE IT IS SUPPOSED TO BE
INSTALLED - THERE ARE NO EXCEPTIONS TO THIS FACT. Tolerances in fabrication,
manufacture, and installation are the reason for this. We can say something is correctly installed
if it is installed within an acceptable variance or error. You will see this expressed as plus or
minus in some situations. So, at a point where you need a weld, consider the above and make it
a FW/FFW.
9 - If your Project has Piperack Loading Drawings, pay special attention to the required locations
specified for FW.
10 - Be absolutely certain you have interface with the Designers in Partitions that are adjacent to
yours, you (or your neighbor) may have placed a FW/FFW in your Partition per all rules but a lack
of interface with the adjacent Partition may give us 2 FW/FFW within a few feet of each other - we
look pretty stupid when this happens - this is something we let our competitor companies do - not
us.
11 - There are definitely places and situations that are considered "bad" choices/locations for
FW/FFW. They can be done but they do not reflect the most intelligent or efficient options due to
their location making them difficult to weld, or, the configuration of the weld being expensive
when done in the field as opposed to being done in the shop - some of these are:
"BAD CHOICES" and the reasons they are "bad."
a) Locating a FW at the "fish mouth" connection to the header at a stub-on connection. This
presents a longer and more expensive weld than what you would have with a circumferential
FW.An alternative design would be to have a short pipe "stub" coming out of the header with a
circumferential FW.
This is unavoidable when a stub-on connection occurs when the branch line is shop
fabricated and the header is rack-loaded.
b) Locating a FW in such a manner that one of the mark pieces is a flangeor fitting that is
shipped loose. It is possible for the fitting or flange to be lost in transit somewhere from the
shop to the installation location. Lost can also mean the fitting or flange is used elsewhere at
the job site. Be aware that PDS can cause a FW to be located to cause the situation.
Wednesday, September 15, 2010
65 TAHUN INDONESIA KU
Berikut ini adalah beberapa gambar yang saya buat unuk mengisi album photo pada tahun 2008 tapi berhubung sekarang tahun 2010 maka saya rubah tahunnya menjadi 2010 dan peringatan yang ke 65 tahun..
Semoga gambar-gambar dibawah ini dapat menggugah saudara-saudara semua akan arti kemerdekaan dan
dapat memotivasi kita sebagai Warga Indonesia untuk tetap mencintai Bangsa Indonesia
Dan semoga dengan photo-photo ini dapat mengubah anak-anak Indonesia menjadi anak yang cerdas, berbudi pekerti, berakhlak, beragama dan selalu menjunjung tinggi nilai-nilai sportivitas dan kejujuran demi tercapainya sela ke 5 dari PACASILA "KEADILAN SOSIAL BAGI SELURUH RAKYAT INDONESIA" UNTUK PENCAPAIAN INDONESIA YANG ADIL DAN MAKMUR BAGI RAKYAT INDONESIA ...
Rumbai, 15 September 2010
Semoga gambar-gambar dibawah ini dapat menggugah saudara-saudara semua akan arti kemerdekaan dan
dapat memotivasi kita sebagai Warga Indonesia untuk tetap mencintai Bangsa Indonesia
Dan semoga dengan photo-photo ini dapat mengubah anak-anak Indonesia menjadi anak yang cerdas, berbudi pekerti, berakhlak, beragama dan selalu menjunjung tinggi nilai-nilai sportivitas dan kejujuran demi tercapainya sela ke 5 dari PACASILA "KEADILAN SOSIAL BAGI SELURUH RAKYAT INDONESIA" UNTUK PENCAPAIAN INDONESIA YANG ADIL DAN MAKMUR BAGI RAKYAT INDONESIA ...
Rumbai, 15 September 2010
PARODI IKLAN AND POSTER MOVIE..
Saya mencoba membuat semacam parodi iklan dan poster film di blog saya ini. Dan semua asli bikinan saya
dan photo-photonya pun original dari kamera yang saya gunakan.
+of+PRINT2.jpg)
dan photo-photonya pun original dari kamera yang saya gunakan.
+of+PRINT2.jpg)
Baik suka atau tidak dengan hasil karya saya ini...
Mohon kirim komentar dan dengan adanya komentar anda itu ..dapat meningkatkan daya kreativitas saya..
Salam
Rumbai, 15 September 2010...
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